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  • Expert review
    Precision nutrition： A new frontier in military nutrition research
    JIANG Yugang
    2023, 47(10): 721-724. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Precision nutrition is beginning to be used in research on military nutrition,but it is likely to contribute much to the health and military performance of military personnel. The rapid development of omics technology, wearable sensors and portable technology has provided important tools for precision nutrition research among military personnel. Interventions via precision nutrition with military health and performance have become an important area for future military nutrition research.
    • Original articles
  • Original articles
    Effect of low intensity laser on bone metabolism and stress response in veterans with osteoporosis
    YU Xiaohan, LI Jing, FAN Lijie, LI Yan, CHENG Wenqin
    2023, 47(10): 725-729. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.002
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    Objective To examine the impact of low-intensity laser therapy on bone metabolism, oxidative stress levels, and inflammatory factors in veterans diagnosed with osteoporosis. Methods A total of 234 veterans with osteoporosis, who were admitted to our hospital between June 2017 and June 2022, were randomly assigned to two groups： the Simple Treatment Group （STG） and the Laser Adjuvant Treatment Group （ATG）. Each group consisted of 117 patients. The STG received standard drug treatment, while the ATG received low-intensity laser intervention in addition to the standard drug treatment. The following parameters were monitored and compared between the two groups： bone density, pain score, bone metabolism indicators [including osteocalcin（BGP）, bone specific alkaline phosphatase （B-ALP）, and type Ⅰ collagen carboxy terminal peptide （CTX）], oxidative stress indexes [including superoxide dismutase （SOD） and advanced oxidation protein product （AOPP）], and inflammatory factors [including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF-1）, and interleukin-6 （IL-6）]. The therapeutic efficacy of low-intensity laser in the treatment of osteoporosis was assessed by comparing the aforementioned indicators between the two groups. Results After treatment, both groups experienced an increase in bone density at the lumbar spine L2-4 and femoral neck. However, the ATG demonstrated significantly higher index values compared to the STG （t=-1.245, 12.376, P<; 0.001）. After treatment, both groups exhibited a significant reduction in pain scores. Notably, the ATG demonstrated a more substantial decrease in pain scores compared to the STG （t=-3.953, P<; 0.001）. After treatment, the levels of BGP increased, while B-ALP and CTX decreased in both groups. However, the ATG exhibited higher levels of BGP and lower levels of B-ALP and CTX（t=15.945, -17.992, -8.886, P<; 0.001）. After treatment, both groups experienced decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and increased levels of IGF-1. However, the ATG demonstrated lower levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and higher levels of IGF-1 compared to the STG （t=-20.165, -19.844, 13.403, P<; 0.05）. Conclusion In conclusion, low intensity laser assisted therapy demonstrates a greater degree of improvement in various aspects such as bone density, pain, bone metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors, when compared to traditional treatment regimens. These promising results highlight the potential of this therapy for clinical application in veterans with osteoporosis.
  • Original articles
    Effect and mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine on antiviral innate immunity
    YU Xiping, LI Sen, LI Peiyao, ZHANG Xuemin, LI Huiyan, SONG Zengqing
    2023, 47(10): 730-734. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.003
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    Objective To investigate the effect of classical neurotransmitter-serotonin-on innate immunity against DNA viruses and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods Blood samples of mice were collected at different time points after HSV-1 infection. Serotonin concentrations in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. At the cellular level, cells were pretreated with serotonin or a serotonin transporter inhibitor before being stimulated by HSV-1 or exogenous dsDNA to induce type Ⅰ interferon production. The mRNA levels of type Ⅰ interferon and viral replication were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the activation of cGAS-STING pathway was detected by Western blotting. Mice were pretreated with serotonin and then infected with HSV-1. Serum was collected and the levels of type Ⅰ interferon were detected by ELISA. Organs were collected to detect the amount of virus replication by real-time quantitative PCR. Results After HSV-1 infection, serotonin concentrations in serum of mice increased. Pretreatment with serotonin inhibited the production of type I interferon in immune cells during HSV-1 infection, and the viral replication increased. In mice, serotonin treatment suppressed the host type Ⅰ interferon response during HSV-1 infection, resulting in elevated viral infection. Studies on the mechanism showed that the effect of serotonin depended on serotonin transporters. Serotonin could inhibit both the phosphorylation of key proteins in the cGAS-STING pathway and the expression of the interferon, thus affecting the host antiviral innate immunity. Conclusion Serotonin can inhibit antiviral innate immunity mediated by cGAS-STING pathway, which is expected to provide a new target for research and development of antiviral drugs.
  • Original articles
    Effect of sentrin-specific protease 8 on T cell activation and differentiation
    XU Guanglei, JIN Yuanhan, ZHANG Yaolin, CHENG Daohai, ZHANG Jiyan, CAO Junxia
    2023, 47(10): 735-739. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.004
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    Objective To explore the role of sentrin-specific protease 8 （SENP8） in T cell activation and differentiation. Methods Mice homozygous for an Senp8 conditional allele （Senp8F/F, WT） on the C57BL/6 background were crossed with Cd4-Cre transgenic mice to generate a mouse model with T cell-specific deficiency of SENP8 （Senp8F/F; Cd4-Cre, KO）.The genotypes were determined via PCR of tail-extracted DNA and immunoblotting analysis of thymocytes. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the number of splenic T cells in homeostatic WT and littermate KO mice. Furthermore, Listeria monocytogenes was injected into the tail vein of WT and littermate KO mice. The activation, expansion, and differentiation of CD8+ T cells were determined via flow cytometry 7 days later. Results The result of PCR showed Cd4-Cre and homozygous Loxp in KO mice and that of immunoblotting revealed reduced SENP8 in thymocytes from KO mice, indicating that a mouse model was established. Flow cytometry demonstrated comparable numbers of splenic CD4+and CD8+T cells in homeostatic WT and littermate KO mice. 7 days after Listeria monocytogenesinfection,the expansion of CD4+and CD8+T cells was not affected by T cell-specific SENP8 deficiency,so were the upregulation of activation marker CD44 in CD4+ and CD8+T cells and the expressions of effector factors interferon-γ（IFN-γ） and granzyme B （GzmB）. Conclusions SENP8 does not affect T cell activation, expansion or cytotoxicity during Listeria infection.
  • Original articles
    Inhibitory effect of undercarboxylatedosteocalcin on ferroptosis in HT22 hippocampal neurons
    WU Jiamei, ZHENG Jing, YUE Xiangpei, LUO Changyi, LIU Shuirong, WANG Yan, ZHAO Yun
    2023, 47(10): 740-747. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.005
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    Objective To investigate the effect of undercarboxylatedosteocalcin（ucOCN） on erastin-induced ferroptosis in mouse hippocampal HT22 neurons. Methods HT22 hippocampal neurons were treated with erastin to induce a ferroptosis model. The cells were divided into the control group,ucOCN group,erastin group, and erastin+ucOCN group. CCK-8 analysis was used to detect the proliferation of cells in each group. The morphological changes of cells in different groups were observed under optical microscope, and the number of surviving and dead cells were detected by Live/Dead staining. Superoxide anion fluorescent probe （DHE） was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and TMRE probe was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR） was verified the interference efficiency of siRNA on OCN. The protein expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins-glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） and solute carrier family 7, member 11 （SLC7A11） were detected by Western blotting. Results Twenty-four hours of treatment of HT22 cells with 30 μmol/L erastin significantly inhibited cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, increased intracellular ROS content and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with the erastin group,the cell survival rate of erastin+ucOCN group was increased, the level of intracellular ROS was significantly reduced, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. Western blotting results showed that ucOCN could promote the expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 proteins in ferroptosis cells. Conclusion ucOCN has an inhibitory effect on erastin-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells.
  • Original articles
    Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2 gene promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and drug efflux
    ZHAO Wei, KANG Xiaofeng, DU Yimeng, XU Xiaojie, LI Zhaoxia
    2023, 47(10): 748-753. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.006
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    Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2（ABCG2） gene labelled with Myc tag and to study its biological function. Methods Using the human ovarian library as the template, human ABCG2 gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into the pXJ-40-myc expression vector.The recombinant plasmid pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 was identified via enzyme digestion and sequencing before being transfected into the breast cancer cell line ZR75-1. The expression of ABCG2 protein was verified by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ABCG2 protein in cells. CCK-8 assay and wound-healing assay were used to determine the effect of ABCG2 gene on the proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells. The effect of ABCG2 gene on drug efflux of chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone was examined via the flow cytometric technique. Results The ABCG2 gene of about 2000 bp was retrieved from a human ovarian library and constructed on the pXJ-40-myc vector, and the sequencing results were consistent with the target sequences. Plasmids were extracted and transfected into human ZR75-1 breast cancer cells. The results of immunofluorescence showed that ABCG2 protein was mainly expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of ZR75-1 cells. CCK-8 detection and wound-healing assay result showed that breast cancer cells transfected with pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 had increased proliferation and migration ability compared with cells transfected with the empty vector. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that ABCG2 induced to increase drug efflux to mitoxantrone in cells. Conclusion A eukaryotic expression vector of pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 is constructed, and the localization and drug resistance mediated by ABCG2 in cells are verified, which can help explore the role of ABCG2 in the development of breast cancer cells in the future.
  • Original articles
    Preparation and quality evaluation of lyophilized preparations of plasma
    SUN Zhenzhu, JIA Junting, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Jingang, ZHAO Xiong, MA Yuyuan
    2023, 47(10): 754-760. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.007
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    Objective To prepare the lyophilized preparation of plasma via the freeze-drying process and evaluate its quality. Methods The eutectic point of plasma was detected before the freeze-drying procedures wereestablished. After the plasma samples were freeze-dried, the appearance, moisture content, and reconstitution time were detected. The pH value and coagulation parameters of the plasma before and after lyophilization were compared to evaluate the quality of the lyophilized preparation of plasma. Results The resulting plasma lyophilized via the freeze-drying procedure in this study had a good appearance, with a moisture content of （1.955±; 0.321）% and a reconstitution time of （12.98±; 0.56）min. The pH value of the lyophilized plasma reconstituted with sterile water for injection was 8.15±; 0.10, slightly higher than before lyophilization. There was no significant change in the activity or content of most of the tested plasma proteins （12 out of 15） in the lyophilized preparation of plasma afterlyophilization （P>; 0.05）. Only the activities of factor Ⅴ, factor Ⅷ and plasminogen in the lyophilized preparation of plasma were significantly reducedafter lyophilization （P<; 0.05）, and the recovery rates were 80.70%, 78.70%, and 86.70%, respectively. The prothrombin time hardly changed after lyophilization （P>; 0.05）, but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly prolonged （P<; 0.05）. Conclusion The lyophilized preparation of plasma is made available by the freeze-drying process in this study, which is expected of contribute to the development of freeze-dried plasma products in China.
  • Original articles
    Effect of mannitol at different temperatures on physiological indexes and organ structure in model mice with brain edema
    ZHANG Huiqiang, LI Xue, YAN Li, LI Zunting, WU Yitong, ZHAO Han, SU Jianbin
    2023, 47(10): 761-767. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.008
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    Objective To investigate the effect of mannitol （MT）injection on physiological parameters and organ structure of model mice with brain edema. Methods Male C57BL /6J mice aged 4 to 6 weeks were divided into 5 groups of 3 to 6： normal control （Normal）, lipopolysaccharide（LPS）, 4℃ MT （4℃ MT）, 25℃ MT （25℃ MT）, and 37℃ MT groups. At 4 h after establishment of a mouse brain edema model by LPS induction and at 2 h after infusion of 20%MT at 3 different temperatures （4℃, 25℃, 37℃）, the water contents of brain tissues in each group were determined using the dry and wet method. Whole blood was collected for blood routine tests and for indicators of serum biochemistry, including levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, creatinine （Cre） and potassium （K+）, sodium （Na+） and chloride （Cl-）. The levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were measured by ELISA. The brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues were used for HE staining to observe the pathological structure of the organs. The effects of three temperatures of MT on mice with brain edema were compared. Results The water content of the brain in the 37℃ MT group was significantly lower than that of the 4℃ MT group and 25℃ MT group （P<; 0.05）, and neared the level of the Normal group （P=0.2284）. Blood routine tests showed that compared with the 4℃ MT and 25℃ MT groups, 37℃ MT could effectively increase the total number of white blood cells （WBC） and restore the number of red blood cells （RBC）, but with no effect on the number of platelets （PLT）. Biochemical analysis showed that 37℃ MT significantly reduced levels of ALT, AST, Cre and K+, Na+ and Cl-, while 4℃ MT significantly reduced ALT alone, and 25℃ MT only reduced ALT and AST. ELISA results showed that 37℃ MT reduced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion and had no effect on VEGF, whereas 4℃ MT and 25℃ MT promoted the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. HE staining results showed that 37℃ MT could more effectively reduce brain edema, cardiac muscle fiber edema, congestions of the liver, spleen, lung and kidney, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusion 37℃ MT has the better therapeutic effect against brain edema while reducing the incidence of inflammatory reactions and mitigating damage to liver and kidney function. The treatment of cerebral edema with 4℃ MT and 25℃ MT is ineffective, and there is a risk of embolism and phlebitis caused by the infusion of mannitol crystals. It is recommended that MT be used after being heated to 37℃ until crystals disappear.
  • Original articles
    Correlations between health service planning and operational mission planning based on bibliometrics
    XIAO Yao, PENG Bo, SUN Congyan, HE Zhen
    2023, 47(10): 768-773. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore the correlations between health service planning and operational mission planning in terms of research methodsvia bibliometric analysis. Methods A total of 315 pieces of literature were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and military journal databases related tohealth service planning and operational mission planning.A co-occurrence matrix was constructed to build a co-occurrence network graph for multidimensional scaling analysis. Results Since 2000, research onhealth service planning hasfocused on decision support system construction, military hospitals and mobile medical units, and strategies for challenging issues concerninghealth service support. Applications of informatization and intelligence technology in research have attracted more attention, but spheres of research and systems need to be expanded. Key areasof researchon operational mission planning include task planning systems, task assignment and genetic algorithms. The current priorities of research include task planning systems, algorithm-related research and applications based on specific mission requirements. Conclusion Collaborative interdisciplinary research between operational mission planning and health service planning is still lacking. However, research methods have something in common. Methods used in operational mission planning can be matched with health service planning requirements in terms of engineering implementation, task execution, and frameworks of command. It is highly feasible to apply mission planning methods to health service planning research.
  • Original articles
    Highlight of the Apollo Program for Biodefense
    CHEN Ting, LI Lijuan, MA Wenbing, WANG Lei
    2023, 47(10): 774-777. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The United States Bipartisan Biodefense Committee has issued the “ The Apollo Program for Biodefense-Winning the Race Against Biological Threats ” and the “ Athena Agenda： Advancing the Apollo Program for Biodefense”. This program conducted an exhaustive analysis of the scenario of biosecurity facing humans, proposed the objectives to be achieved, listed the priorities of research on core technologies and recommended specific measures for implementation. The program is an important tool for understanding the long-term U.S. response to biological threats. This paper outlines and analyzes the main contents of the program so as to provide reference for the construction of biosecurity defense in China.
    • Reviews
  • Reviews
    Research advances in human high-attitude adaptation
    GUO Feng, ZHAO Zhihu, ZHANG Yan, FA Yunzhi
    2023, 47(10): 778-782. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The plateau refers to areas above 2500 m in altitude in medical terms, which can lead to intense stress in the body and bring about a variety of plateau diseases. Research on altitude acclimatization has identified a great number of factors associated with these diseases, and many genetic and non-genetic alterations have been identified inplateau populations, but the mechanisms involved have not yet been fully explored. This paper reviews the progress of research on altitude acclimatization by summarizing the levels of genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and physiological changes in these populations.
  • Reviews
    Progress in self-assembling peptides for drug delivery
    ZHAO Te, ZOU Pengfei, LI Jiaxin, GAO Chunsheng, LI Zhiping
    2023, 47(10): 783-787. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.012
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    In recent years, self-assembling peptides （SAPs） have attracted attention due to their good biocompatibility, sensitive responsiveness, and specific biological functions. SAPs are capable of forming regular and ordered structures under specific conditions, and exhibit advantages and properties different from those of single molecules. SAPs have been widely used in cell culture, tissue engineering and drug delivery. This paper reviews the formation of nano types by SAPs and their applications in drug delivery, including chemical small molecule drug delivery and biomacro-molecule drug delivery such as nucleic acids, peptides and proteins. Finally, the challenges faced by SAPs as drug delivery vehicles are summarized and their prospect of development is described.
  • Reviews
    Accelerated blood clearance effect by polyethylene glycol modification and its countermeasures
    CHE Junwei, ZOU Pengfei, LI Ke, GAO Chunsheng, LIU Caihong, LI zhiping
    2023, 47(10): 788-792. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.013
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    Polyethylene glycol （PEG）, a high polymer, is widely used in the delivery of drugs to modify different types of carriers. Pegylation is considered as the “gold standard” for the long circulation of nano-preparations. However, subsequent research finds that PEGylated liposomes were rapidly cleared in the blood and accumulated in the liver after repeated administration in rats, which is known as the accelerated blood clearance （ABC） effect. ABC poses a major challenge to PEGylated nanocarriers. Therefore, modifying the structure of PEG or finding new modification methods to replace PEG can be good solutions. This paper reviews the research progress in ABC effect in recent years.
  • Reviews
    Advance in the study of the role of aquaporins in the central nervous system damage caused by heat stroke
    LI Xin, MA Lizhen, SUN Ying, WANG Qian, SONG Qing
    2023, 47(10): 793-797. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.10.014
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    The central nervous system （CNS） injury is one of the typical performances of heat stroke （HS）, which is characterized by rapid progression, high mortality and high disability rates. Aquaporin （AQP） is widely distributed in the CNS and plays a key regulatory role in normal life activities and a variety of diseases. This article reviews the research progress in roles of AQP in CNS injury caused by HS so as to advance our understanding of HS and provide data for prevention and treatment of this disease.
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