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  Original articles

  Syncytia formation induced by SARS-2-S promotes the proliferation and migration of A549 and B16 cells in vitro

  ZHOU Li, ZHONG Hui, WAN Luming, ZHOU Pengyu, LIU Muyi, WEI Congwen, ZHOU Chuanyi

  2024, 48(12): 881-888. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.001

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  Objective To investigate the effects of syncytial formation induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）spike protein（SARS-2-S）on the proliferation and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mouse melanoma B16 cells in vitro. Methods Plasmids expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （hACE2） and SARS-2-S were constructed and respectively co-transfected with lentiviral packaging plasmids into HEK-293FT cells before the lentiviral supernatant was collected and infected with A549 cells which were screened by puromycin to obtain the A549 cells respectively that were stably transfected with hACE2（A549-A） and SARS-2-S （A549-S）. The protein expression of A549-A and A549-S cells was verified by Western blotting. A549-A and A549-S cells were co-cultured before their syncytia were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Conditioned media （syncytial supernatant and non-syncytial supernatant） was collected to culture A549 cells,ovalbumin （OVA）-gene-modified B16 cells （B16-OVA）,and B16-F10 cells in vitro.The CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation capacity of tumor cells,while the wound healing assay was employed to evaluate the migration capacity of tumor cells. Results Stable A549 cell lines expressing hACE2 and SARS-2-S were constructed. The SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation system was established after co-culture of A549-A and A549-S cells. Both syncytial and non-syncytial supernatants significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of A549,B16-OVA,and B16-F10 cells in vitro,especially the syncytial supernatant. Conclusion SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation promotes the proliferation and migration properties of A549 and B16 cells in vitro.
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  Original articles

  Effects of simulated solar particle events on mouse bone marrow

  ZHANG Hua, SUI Li, FENG Weiwei, LOU Pengbo, WANG Honghui, LIU Chang, ZHAO Yali

  2024, 48(12): 889-896. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.002

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  Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow injury by simulating the radiation from solar particle events in order to address the radiation limit and assess risks during manned deep space exploration. Methods In line with solar particle events （the main component was protons）, BALB/c mice （48 mice per group） were irradiated with 90 MeV protons at the doses of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 Gy. At 3 and 7 days after irradiation. Routine blood counters were employed to detect peripheral blood changes, Giemsa staining was used to detect the ratio of granulocytes to erythrocytes in bone marrow, and flow cytometry was adopted to detect the proportion of bone marrow stem cells, cell subsets and apoptosis before the dose-response relationship and threshold were analyzed. Results In the dose range of 0.1 to 2 Gy, the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and lymphocytes decreased at 3 and 7 days after irradiation and the ratio of granulocytes to erythrocytes in bone marrow and bone marrow cell subsets were abnormal as the dose increased. Seven days after irradiation, the platelet count decreased. The minimum dose that caused significant changes was 0.5 Gy, 13 models with dose-response relationships were obtained, and the minimum values of ED25, ED50 and ED63 were 0.25, 0.58 and 0.76 Gy, respectively. Conclusion A total of 13 dose-response relationship models of proton-induced bone marrow injury in mice have been obtained, and the dose threshold of proton-induced bone marrow injury ranges from 0.25 to 0.76 Gy.
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  Preparation and evaluation of injectable PLGA porous scaffolds with composite coating for cell loading

  YAN Bohua, SHAO Tianjiao, LIU Zhuang, CUI Jingyu, GAO Jing, GAO Xiang

  2024, 48(12): 897-906. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.003

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  Objective To prepare injectable poly （lactic-co-glycolic） acid （PLGA） microparticle scaffolds coated with a composite of polydopamine （PDA） and carboxymethyl chitosan （CMC）, and to evaluate their biocompatibility and capacity for cell loading in tissue engineering. Methods The injectable PLGA microparticles were prepared using the W/O/W double-emulsion solvent evaporation method, followed by PDA and CMC coatings to prepare the porous scaffolds that were morphologically characterized while the size distribution of particles and pores was determined. Cytotoxicity was assessed via co-incubation of the scaffolds with cells, while cell viability was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The morphology of cells loaded onto the scaffolds was examined using scanning electron microscopy and DAPI staining. Results The average particle size of the prepared PLGA-PDA-CMC porous scaffolds was （313.69±4.91）μm, and the average pore size was （28.99±0.74）μm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the success of the PDA coating while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved the success of the PDA and CMC coatings. The reduced water contact angle post-PDA coating indicated enhanced hydrophilicity of the PLGA microparticles. CCK-8 assay results demonstrated the safety of the PLGA-PDA-CMC porous scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy confirmed cell adhesion on the PLGA-PDA-CMC porous scaffolds. Conclusion The successful preparation of PLGA-PDA-CMC porous scaffolds, featuring PDA and CMC coatings, can enhance the hydrophilicity and cell adhesion properties of PLGA microparticles. These scaffolds can be potentially used in tissue engineering research.
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  Original articles

  Analysis of the prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-positive drug-resistant bacteria in China from 2017 to 2023

  LI Kexin, XIAO Yang, CHEN Mingliang, WANG Shengshu, WANG Boqian, PENG Zhixi, LIANG Shengnan, REN Hongguang, SONG Hongbin, HU Xiaofeng

  2024, 48(12): 907-913. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.004

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  Objective To comprehensively analyze the epidemiological characteristics and resistance mechanisms of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase （NDM）-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria in China. Methods Relevant literatures on NDM-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria discovered in China were searched in the CNKI and PubMed databases （publications from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023）. The epidemiological analysis was conducted on the types of NDM-positive bacterial strains, their regional distribution, infection sources, resistance profiles, and transfer mechanisms. Results A total of 118 eligible articles were collected, reporting 1627 NDM-positive bacterial strains. The number of reports increased annually from 2011 to 2019, but began to decline annually from 2020 onwards. NDM-1 and NDM-5 were the most commonly reported variants. The highest number of reports came from Eastern China, followed by Central China and North China. The primary pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae. The age distribution of patients with NDM-positive infections showed distinct patterns, with neonates and children accounting for 27.25% and patients over 50 years old accounting for 49.57%. The majority of positive bacterial infections came from sputum （38.28%）, urine （28.94%）, and blood （23.28%）. The main departments reporting NDM-positive bacteria were the ICU （39.93%） and pediatrics （20.14%）. These resistant bacteria exhibited resistance to more than 50.00% of antibiotics, with lower resistance to colistin and tigecycline （below 30.00%）. The predominant plasmid type carrying the bla_NDMwas IncX3, and the insertion sequences upstream and downstream of the bla_NDM showed diversity. Conclusion NDM-positive multidrug-resistant bacteria are widely prevalent across regions in China, exhibiting multidrug-resistance. This poses significant challenges to clinical antibiotic selection and necessitates the development of effective countermeasures.
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  Original articles

  Problems and strateges for triage in future warfares

  GAO Wei, ZHANG Xiaowei, WANG Changbiao, JI Binlong, XU Xianhui

  2024, 48(12): 914-917. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.005

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  Triage has been critical to combat casualty care by determining the order in which wounded soldiers are treated in case of mass casualties and saving as many lives as possible. Changes in the operation mode unfolded in the future will make a huge difference to casualties and combat casualty care. Given the inadequacies of current methods of triage , this article focused on triage in large-scale combat operations in the future. It is recommended that such factors be taken into consideration as the situation on the battlefield： the number and severity of wounded soldiers, health care resources and supplies, and ways of evacuation.Meanwhile, multiple triage methods should be adopted and dynamic evaluations conducted in order to save more lives and enable some previously wounded soldiers to return to the battlefield soon.In this way, combat effectiveness can be maintained, the benefits to wounded soldiers maximized, and the level of combat casualty care improved.
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  Original articles

  Evolution of consensus guidelines for prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness by the Wilderness Medical Society and their implications for high-altitude military medical support

  LI Xiaofang, DU Ke, TENG Daiqing, LUO Yongjun

  2024, 48(12): 918-925. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.006

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  Acute mountain sickness is a variety of pathological reactions that occur when people enter high altitude areas and are exposed to a hypobaric and hypoxic environment. China has vast high-altitude regions with complex terrains and of strategic importance. With the increase in large-scale combat training activities, more troops have entered high-altitude areas to carry out training. The hypobaric and hypoxic environment at high altitudes impacts the generation of combat effectiveness. The Wilderness Medical Society （WMS） has issued consensus guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness in 2010, 2014, 2019 and 2024,respectively. The commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness include acetazolamide, dexamethasone, acetaminophen and nifedipine while non-pharmaceutical approaches include gradual ascendance, pre-acclimation, oxygen inhalation, descendance to a lower altitude, and portable hyperbaric oxygen chambers. This article was intended to trace the evolution of each means of prevention and treatment specified in the four editions of the guidelines, keep track of the latest approaches to acute mountain sickness, and provide a reference for military medical support for related training.
Reviews
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  Reviews

  Cognitive ability assessment techniques and prospects of military applications in high altitude environment

  MI Na, CHENG Xiang, ZHU Lingling

  2024, 48(12): 926-930. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.007

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  The hypobaric and hypoxic environment on the plateau impacts human neurocognitive functions. This paper summarizes cognitive assessment techniques currently available in general and the impact of high-altitude environmental exposure on human cognitive function in the past 10 years in particular. The development of emerging technologies in recent years has enabled multimodal physiological-psychological-behavioral detection to evaluate neurocognitive function more quickly and objectively. In line with the needs of brain science, this paper studies the construction model of a multimodal intelligent cognitive system that integrates monitoring, assessment and early warning before a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation platform for brain cognition is proposed, which can be applied to maintain and enhance brain cognitive function in military operations in the future.
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  Reviews

  Research progress in anti-dengue virus drugs

  WANG Ruoyu, ZHANG Chao, BAI Jie, XU Donggang

  2024, 48(12): 931-939. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.008

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  The dengue virus, a member of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family, is responsible for dengue fever, an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease that can progress to severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, taking a heavy toll on human health. Despite its impact on global public health, there are currently no specific drugs available that are both safe and effective for the treatment of dengue fever so that the research and development of related drugs are facing huge challenges. This paper not only pointed to the critical importance and urgency of developing antiviral medications, but also reviewed recent advancements in the development of dengue virus inhibitors of two categories： candidate drugs that directly target viral structural and non-structural proteins, and antiviral candidate agents that focus on host receptors. Additionally, this paper provided an overview of the progress in and the mechanisms of various inhibitors in the hope of providing a reference for antiviral drug development and the treatment of dengue fever.
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  Reviews

  Research progress in applicability of skeletal stem cells in military regenerative medicine

  YU Fuhao, DING Li, ZHU Heng

  2024, 48(12): 940-945. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.009

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  Military training and operations usually lead to such skeletal injuries as fatigue fractures, acute bone fractures, osteochondral defects, and radiation-induced bone injury. Skeletal stem cells （SSCs） are newly-identified innate tissue specific stem cells in skeletons which are capable of differentiating into bone, cartilage and bone marrow stromal tissues, and are one of the seed cells critical to the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of skeletons. SSCs are highly heterogenous in cellular subpopulations and spatiotemporal distributions, which is why their cellular immunopheto type and regenerative capacity are different in different anatomical sites. Thus, there is considerable difference in the response of SSCs to military injuries and in the underlying mechanisms. This review discussed the sources of SSCs, underlying mechanisms of SSCs-mediated skeletal regeneration, and the potential applications of SSCs in military regenerative medicine.
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  Reviews

  Research progress in functions of deubiquitinating enzyme Mysm1

  QIN Qiaozhen, YAN Xinlong, JIANG Xiaoxia

  2024, 48(12): 946-950. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.010

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  As a deubiquitinating enzyme with important biological functions,Mysm1 has become a significant regulatory factor affecting the functions of various stem cells, immune responses and occurrence and development of multiple diseases. Studies have found that the sequences of mouse and human Mysm1 are highly homologous,both Mysm1 knockout mice and patients with Mysm1 gene mutations exhibit developmental disorders in multiple tissues and organs. Therefore, in-depth analysis of Mysm1 function in mouse models is critical to the etiological study of human Mysm1-related syndromes. This article reviewed the various deubiquitinating functions of Mysm1 in the nucleus or cytoplasm, its impact on the proliferation and differentiation of various stem cells and immune cell functions, its role in the occurrence and development of diseases such as cancer,aging and depression in hopes of providing a reference for in-depth research on Mysm1 in the future.
Short articles
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  Short articles

  Characteristics of inpatients in a level-two hospital in South Sudan

  KANG Zhoucheng, HE Songmao, ZHAO Ting

  2024, 48(12): 951-954. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.011

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  Clinical characteristics of acute poisoning caused by oral toilet cleaner

  LIU Zhongying, ZHANG Peng, DONG Jianguang, QIU Zhewu

  2024, 48(12): 955-957. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.012

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  Short report

  Cardiogenic shock after training in a recruit with mild aortic valve insufficiency： a case report

  QI Geyao, WANG Fei, XU Jin

  2024, 48(12): 958-960. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.12.013

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