月刊,1956年创刊
主管:军事医学科学院
主办:军事医学科学院
主编:张学敏
编辑部主任:刘术
原刊名:军事医学科学院院刊
编辑出版:《军事医学》编辑部
ISSN 1674-9960
CN 11-5950/R
邮发代号:82-757

Latest issue

2025 Volume 49 Issue 6   Published: 25 June 2025
  
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    Original articles
  • Original articles
    ZHAO Ruixuan, FANG Shijie, ZHANG Cheng, LI Dongwen
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the evidence on prevention and management of hypothermia in war trauma patients at high altitudes so as to provide data for related prevention and management. Methods Clinical decisions, practices recommended, summaries of evidence, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials concerning the prevention and management of hypothermia in patients with war trauma at high altitudes that were published between the inception and February 2024 were retrieved from related websites and Chinese and English databases. Results A total of fifteen articles were included, including 4 guidelines, 1 clinical decision, 3 summaries of evidence, 1 recommended practice, 2 systematic reviews, and 4 randomized controlled trials. Finally, 29 pieces of evidence were made available, involving 6 themes: hypothermia assessment, risk factors, rewarming processes, rewarming methods, body temperature monitoring, and considerations. Conclusion This study has summed up the evidence on hypothermia management in patients with war trauma at high altitudes. It is recommended that nurses take into consideration the actual conditions and clinical scenarios and formulate personalized rewarming plans based on the results of assessment of patients when using evidence.
  • Original articles
    QU Jinquan, YANG Xinyue, LI Jiajia, SUN Jiu, LIANG Feixing, SELIMU·Xirennayi, WANG Yan, LIU Jiangwei
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    Objective To establish a stable and reproducible animal model of abdominal intestinal firearm penetrating injury in a cold high-altitude environment. Methods Twenty landrace pigs were randomly and equally assigned to a low-altitude normal temperature (LN) group and a high-altitude cold (HC) group. The HC group was placed in a cold environment at high altitudes, and the LN group was placed in a normal-temperature environment at low altitudes. They were raised for 48 hours respectively. After anesthesia, they were suspended on the shooting range, and the right lower abdomen of the experimental pigs was shot with a gun. After injury, they were simply bandaged and transported back to the laboratory for observation in the normal temperature environment of the low altitudes. The vital signs and injuries at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h and 24 h survival rates of experimental pigs were compared. Laparotomy was immediately performed on the dead pigs and the experimental pigs still alive at 24 h to explore the injuries and observe the pathology of the small intestine and colon. Results The 24 h survival rate of the HC group was 70%, with no statistically significant difference compared to the LN group's 90% (P>; 0.05). After the injury, the body temperature of both groups gradually increased. The body temperature of the HC group was significantly higher than the LN group at 0, 2, 4 and 8 h time points (P<; 0.001), and the LN group exceeded the HC group at 24 h (P<; 0.05). Both groups showed an initial increase followed by a decrease in heart rate, with the HC group significantly higher than the LN group only at 0 h (P<; 0.01), and no statistically significant differences were observed at other time points (P>; 0.05). Both groups showed an early increase and later decrease in respiratory rate, with the HC group higher than the LN group at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h (P<; 0.05 or P<; 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference (P>; 0.05) between the HC group and the LN group in small intestine rupture, small intestine contusion, mesenteric injury, colon rupture and wound diameter. The pathology of the small intestine and colon in the HC group showed extensive necrosis and shedding of the mucosa layer, severe congestion and edema of the submucosa, and extensive lymphocyte infiltration. The LN group also showed similar symptoms but to a lesser extent. Conclusion This study established a pig model of abdominal firearm intestinal perforation injury in a cold environment at high-altitudes. The model has strong operability and stable damage, which can provide a reference for subsequent research.
  • Original articles
    MIAO Yiqi, SUN Huisheng, YANG Xingsheng, ZHANG Zhen, YANG Jing
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    Objective To screen and identify specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the surface envelope protein E8L of the monkeypox intracellular mature virus based on mRNA immunization and single-cell sequencing. Methods E8L-mRNA was synthesized in vitro and encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for immunization to induce immune responses. The antibody level in blood serum was detected to find out when the mice had produced sufficient antibodies. B cells in the spleen of the mice were isolated by flow cytometry sorting, followed by library construction and sequencing.Based on the analysis of light and heavy chain sequences of the antibodies from the sequencing data,E8L candidate monoclonal antibodies were screened according to the abundance ranking and expressed. The affinity of these monoclonal antibodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Candidate antibodies with high affinity for E8L were applied to immunochromatographic assays to detect the monkeypox virus (MPXV) E8L protein. Results Mice were immunized by lipid nanoparticles encapsulating E8L-mRNA. Approximately 1.5 million B cells were selected by flow cytometry. After single-cell sequencing, 17 candidate monoclonal antibodies for E8L were identified and expressed. Two high affinity monoclonal antibodies were obtained for monkeypox virus E8L protein by ELISA. These two antibodies were used as the basis for immunochromatographic assays to detect E8L protein, with a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/mL. Conclusion Two monoclonal antibodies with high affinity for the MPXV E8L protein are obtained, which can be potentially used for detecting monkeypox virus.
  • Original articles
    CAO Zhengyue, ZHANG Youfeng, LÜ Zhichun, GAO Huiying, XIANG Shensi, LI Jingjing, ZHENG Xiaofei, LI Changyan
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    Objective To identify genetic regulators of ionizing radiation(IR)sensitivity through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9) genome-wide screening. Methods A specialized single guide RNA(sgRNA)library was developed targeting 987 stress-response regulatory genes identified through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome and gene ontology (GO) databases,followed by construction of sgRNA plasmids and packaging into a lentiviral library. Using colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells as a model system, the Cas9-stable transgenic line was established via lentiviral transduction and antibiotic selection. Library-transduced cells underwent puromycin selection, followed by γ-irradiation (dose optimized via preliminary experiments). Post-irradiation phenotypic selection was conducted after 14 days, with subsequent next-generation sequencing of surviving cell populations to identify enriched/depleted sgRNAs. Candidate genes were functionally validated through orthogonal assays:cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) proliferation analysis, clonogenic survival assays and flow cytometric quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic markers. Results The optimized screening platform identified 281 radiation response genes(165 radiosensitive and 116 radioprotective candidates). Functional validation revealed Bcl2-associated athanogene 3(BAG3) knockdown significantly enhanced radioresistance. Proliferation was increased 1.2-1.5 fold, clonogenic survival improved 1.5-2.0 fold, and ROS was reduced by 13%-25% coupled with 32%-73% apoptosis attenuation compared to control groups. Conclusion The integrated CRISPR/Cas9 screening platform effectively identifies novel radiation response regulators, as evidenced by the discovery of BAG3 as a critical radiosensitivity determinant. This high-throughput functional genomics approach provides a robust methodology for systematically mapping molecular determinants of cellular radiation response, with potential applications in both mechanistic studies and therapeutic target discovery.
  • Original articles
    SHAO Pan, LI Jiarong, YANG Guang, ZHANG Jiyan, HUA Juan, DONG Jie
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    Objective To explore the functions of β-glucan-induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from J774A.1 cells. Methods EVs were extracted from the culture supernatant of J774A.1 cells,which were cultured with or without β-glucan,using differential centrifugation. The phenotype of extracellular vesicles was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),nano-particle tracking analysis (NTA)and Western blotting (WB). The peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were harvested from C57BL/6J mice,and incubated with the control EVs(C-EVs) and the β-glucan-induced EVs(G-EVs). Total RNA was extracted from the PMs and reversely transcribed to cDNA. The expression levels of the macrophage polarization-related genes were detected through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Meanwhile,the culture supernatant of the PMs was collected and assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results EVs of the control (C-EVs) and those from the β-glucan-induced (G-EVs) were isolated from J774A.1 cell culture medium. The results of TEM analysis showed that EVs had a membrane wrapped structure and the particle diameters ranged from 100 to 1000 nm. The NTA results showed that the average particle sizes were 162.4 and 175.6 nm respectively. The results of WB assay showed the expressions of characterized marker molecules such as CD81,CD9,CD63 and TSG101 were detected. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of M1 polarization related genes such as Tnfa and inos were significantly increased in PM cells of the C-EVs treatment group,but those in the G-EVs treatment group were significantly lower than in the C-EVs treatment group. Meanwhile,the expression levels of M2 polarization indicators Cd206 and Arg-1 in the C-EVs treatment group were significantly decreased,while those in the G-EVs treatment group were significantly higher than those in C-EVs treatment group. Accordingly,the results of ELISA showed that the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the conditioned medium of the C-EVs treatment group were significantly increased,while those in the G-EVs treatment group were significantly lower than in the C-EVs treatment group. Conclusion Compared with the natural EVs from J774A.1 cells,the ability of β-glucan-induced EVs to drive M1 polarization of macrophages isdramatically compromised,with much fewer proinflammatory cytokines released,suggesting that β-glucan might contribute to immune regulation through EVs.
  • Original articles
    LUO Yawen, XU Murong, ZHOU Shuping, LI Hao, BO Xiaochen, CHEN Hebing
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    Objective To study the dynamic regulatory role of early growth response 4 (EGR4) in mouse neurodevelopment. Methods Data on single-cell chromatin accessibility (single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing,scATAC-seq) and transcriptome (single-cell RNA sequencing,scRNA-seq) from seven key stages spanning from the embryonic period to adulthood was collected and analyzed. The transcription factor binding site network was inferred, a quantitative analysis from a temporal perspective was conducted, its functional modules were parsed, and the results were visualized. Results egr4 was significantly highly expressed from the late embryonic stage to adulthood, and specifically activated during the maturation of inhibitory neurons [parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin(SST) subtypes]. Moreover, its transcription was not directly regulated by changes in chromatin accessibility. Temporal network analysis indicated that EGR4 became a regulatory hub in the late embryonic stage and drove neuron differentiation and subtype specification. Functional enrichment analysis showed that EGR4 regulated the "cell differentiation" pathway through dynamic interacting factors, and there were subtype-specific interaction modules in PV/SST neurons respectively. Conclusion EGR4 can participate in the late-stage maturation of cortical neurons through a stage-specific regulatory network.This study provides a new perspective on mechanisms underlying the temporal logic of neural development.
  • Original articles
    LI Xiaotong, CHEN Yue, TAN Yifei, QIU Yuanrong, LONG Qian, JIANG Xiaoxia
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    Objective To study the role of photobiomodulation (PBM) in promoting the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) by regulating microglial cells. Methods Forty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the sham operation (Sham) group, surgery (SCI) group and the treatment (SCI+PBM) group, with 15 mice in each. After laminectomy of the T10 vertebral body in the three groups of mice, the SCI group and the SCI+PBM group were used to construct the model of spinal cord hemisection. The SCI+PBM group received immediate PBM treatment after spinal cord injury, while the other two groups did not. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days (D1, D3, D7, D14, D21, D28) after the operation, the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) was used to assess the recovery of the hind limb motor function of the mice. On the 28th day post operatively, immunofluorescence was used to detect the changes of neurons in the areas of injury in the three groups of mice. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments were used to detect the phenotypic changes of BV2 cells under the interventions of PBM with inflammatory stimulation. Western blotting experiments were conducted to detect the effects of PBM on the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB) pathway. Results On the 28th day after the operation, the results of the mouse motor assessment showed that the BMS scores and related behaviors of the mice in the SCI+PBM group were better than those of the mice in the SCI group (P<; 0.05), and the neurons in the SCI+PBM group far outnumbered those in the SCI group (P<; 0.05). The results of quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that on the 14th day after the operation, PBM promoted the activation of M2-type microglial cells in vivo but inhibited the activation of M1-type microglial cells. In vitro experiments confirmed that PBM could promote the polarization of BV2 cells towards M2-type microglial cells. In addition, PBM inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in injured spinal cords and in activated BV2 cells. Conclusion PBM can promote the repair of spinal cord injury in SCI mice by promoting microglial cells through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
  • Original articles
    BAO Ke, KANG Hongxiang, HOU Shaojun, HU Yuyuan, XING Chen, SONG Lun, HUANG Xin
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    Objective To investigate the effects of light-at-night exposure on anxiety and depression behaviors in mice and to explore the underlying neural mechanisms. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a control (Ctrl) group and a light-at-night exposure (LAN) group. Mice in the LAN group were exposed to 460 nm blue light for 1 h daily during the zeitgeber time (ZT)13-14 while the Ctrl group mice were maintained under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle.Behavioral tests were conducted at different time points following LAN exposure to evaluate anxiety and depression behaviors in the mice.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the effect of LAN on c-fos expressions in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC),basal ateral amygdala(BLA),paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and paraventricular thalamus(PVT). ELISA was performed to measure changes in serum corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)levels. Golgi staining was applied to measurethe dendritic spine density and morphology from mPFC and CA1. Western blotting analysis was conducted to detect expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs), phosphorylated tropomyosin receptor kinase B(p-TrkB)/TrkB,postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD95)and synaptophysin(SYP)in the mPFC. Results Mice exhibited anxiety-like behaviors after 14 days of LAN exposure,with depression-like behaviors emerging after 28 days. LAN exposure of 28 days led to a significant increase in the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the mPFC,BLA,PVN and PVT(P<; 0.05), resulted in elevated serum corticosterone levels (P<; 0.01) and reduced protein expression levels of BDNF and SYP(P<; 0.05). Furthermore,there was a marked decrease in synapse numbers and synaptic density in the mPFC(P<; 0.01). Conclusion Prolonged exposure to blue light at night enhances neuronal activity in the mPFC and BLA and suppresses the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA),thus leading to synaptic structural and functional damage and inducing anxiety and depression behaviors in mice.
  • Original articles
    WANG Zhe, NING Changwen, AN Huaying, JIANG Xingwei, MA Jun, GAO Fenghua, LIU Pengyu, SUN Yanan, LI Ru, LI Jinlong, YUAN Yuanyuan, YU Qun
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    Objective To develop an erythrocyte-based delivery system for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) that is capable of prophylaxis against organophosphorus nerve agents. Methods Recombinant BChE was produced and analyzed for oligomerization via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Western blotting. A modified hypotonic preswelling method was employed to prepare BChE-loaded erythrocytes. The drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Catalytic activity was assessed in vitro with an activity detection kit. The system was characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM),flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer. Results Recombinant BChE predominantly existed as dimers (85% dimer,15% monomer). The optimized volume ratio of erythrocytes to hypotonic solution was determined as 1∶; 7. Compared with native and empty erythrocytes,BChE-loaded erythrocytes exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity (P<; 0.001). The mean corpuscular volume of BChE-loaded erythrocytes increased (P<; 0.001),while the mean content of corpuscular hemoglobin and hemoglobin in erythrocytes per 100 mL decreased (P<; 0.001). SEM revealed no morphological differences (biconcave disc shape). Hypotonic preswelling moderately increased erythrocyte apoptosis (P<; 0.001),but no statistical difference was observed between BChE-loaded and hypotonic-treated erythrocytes (P>; 0.05). CD47 expression remained unchanged compared to native erythrocytes (P>; 0.05). Conclusion The modified hypotonic preswelling method can generate BChE-loaded erythrocytes that retain the characteristics of native erythrocytes while conferring catalytic activity,offering a novel strategy for clinical intervention against organophosphorus poisoning.
  • Reviews
  • Reviews
    HU Yuru, LI Zhan, LI Tao, WANG Hui
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    The caspase family is a conserved cysteine protease with similar amino acid sequences,structures and enzyme characteristics. Caspase is a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 30-50 kDa, which is composed of three domains: the N-terminal pre-domain, the large submit of 20 kDa and the small submit of 10 kDa. Programmed cell death plays a pivotal role in bodily immune responses to infections byclearing infected cells, activating immune responses of cells and regulating the balance of immune cells, so it is one of the important mechanisms through which the body resists pathogens.The activation and regulation of the caspase family are critical to programmed cell death. This article reviews the latest research progress in caspase activation and its mechanism in programmed cell death.
  • Reviews
    ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Bing, HONG Weihao
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    A growing body of evidence points to the important role of exercise in reducing cancer risk, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and improving prognosis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which exercise intervenes in cancer have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the effects of exercise on the tumor microenvironment, cytokines, hormones, and the immune system in the hope of advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise in cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Short report
  • Short report
    QI Geyao, WEI Junxiang, TIAN Pan
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
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