目的 探讨海军某部军人心理健康特征及其对认知功能的影响。方法 使用抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表、空间注意广度、数字译码、连续加法和心理运动警觉测试有效评估131名男性军人的心理与认知水平。结果 军人主观抑郁、焦虑、压力得分在正常范围、但略高于大陆成年居民，中度以上焦虑发生率最高（32.8%）、压力次之（19.8%）、抑郁最低（12.2%）。其影响因素主要为驻守环境封闭度、工作负荷、性别和文化程度。中度以上主观压力状态下，机体抑郁和焦虑情绪显著增加，且重度及以上抑郁、焦虑个体多见于高压力组。高主观压力引起机体空间注意广度减退、心算能力降低、短时记忆容量下降及反应时延长。结论 主观压力是军人抑郁、焦虑的主要原因，高压力体验直接造成机体认知功能损伤。提示在部队中开展减压管理，有助于减缓负性情绪、提升认知能力和作业绩效的保持能力。

目的：探讨WEPO（Water Extract of Portulaca oleracea L ，WEPO）的平喘作用机制。方法：应用离体气管环实验，将家兔离体气管环随机为：WEPO不同剂量组，乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine ,Ach）组，WEPO + Ach组及Ami组。以气管环平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度和收缩曲线基线为指标，探讨WEPO舒张气管平滑肌的作用与M受体关系。结果：（1）WEPO各剂量组药后家兔离体气管平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度均显著低于药前（p<0.05, P＜0.01)。（2）Ach组气管平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度、收缩曲线基线均显著高于药前（P＜0.01）。（3）WEPO＋Ach组气管平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度、收缩曲线基线与Ach组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：WEPO对气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用，对Ach诱发的气管平滑肌收缩无拮抗，证实其松弛气管平滑肌作用与M受体无关。

With the advances of biotechnology such as gene editing, great progress has been made in the study and application of bispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies have two antigen binding regions and can target two different epitopes at the same time. They are of great significance in clinical treatment and are widely used in cancer treatment and inflammation. However, the construction methods of bispecific antibodies are subject to change, and each structure has its own characteristics. This article outlines the construction methods, construction principles and applications related to a number of common bispecific antibodies.

Heat stress seriously affects body health and damages the morphology and function of cells, while heat acclimatization can effectively slow down this damage effect and induce cells to produce heat tolerance. The mechanism of heat acclimatization is very complicated, and its physiological effects are clear, but the regulatory mechanism may be brought into play by multiple regulatory pathways, with a variety of biological macromolecules involved in the regulation of body temperature and thermal endurance. Sofar, the potential mechanism of the protective effect of heat acclimatization on heat stress injury of cells has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, the research progress in the effect of cell heat stress injury and the mechanism of heat acclimatization against heat injury is reviewed.

Sepsis is a global health issue that poses a serious threat to human health. The high incidence and complex pathogenic mechanism of sepsis are the main causes of death in critically ill patients. Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by a tremendous amount of cytokine production,which is manifested as the uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response caused by the overactive immune system and plays an important role in sepsis. This article reviews the research progress in the mechanism and treatment of cytokine storm in sepsis in order to provide new ideas and strategies for clinical practice.

Patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 （MDA5） antibody-positive dermatomyositis （DM） are more vulnerable to rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease （RPILD） and have a high mortality rate. Multiple prognostic factors have been identified, such as forced vital capacity （FVC）%, anti-MDA5 titer, serum ferritin, levels of Krebs Von den Lungen-6（KL-6）, and percentage of CD4⁺CXCR4⁺ T cells. These parameters are used for prediction of the severity of ILD, response to treatments and potential survival. Currently, the choice of therapies for patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM and RPILD is largely empirical, including "triple therapy" （high-dose glucocorticoids combined with tacrolimus and intravenous cyclophosphamide） and the use of Janus kinase （JAK） inhibitors. These therapies are based on published literature. However, better treatment options are urgently needed for DM patients with positive anti-MDA5 antibody and ILD, especially for advanced patients. In this article, the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatments, prognosis, and factors affecting prognosis of DM with positive anti-MDA5 antibody and ILD are reviewed.

Objective To analyze in vivo metabolites of isorhamnetin in mice after oral administration using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS）. Methods Twelve C57BL/6J mice （n=12） were randomly divided into the isorhamnetin group and the vehicle treatment group. Isorhamnetin was reconstituted in carboxymethyl cellulose sodium suspension （0.5%）, and administrated at 100 mg/ （kg·d） by oral administration. Meanwhile, the same amount of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution （0.5%） free of isorhamnetin was given to the vehicle group. The feces, urine, blood and bile of mice were collected and separated on different C18 columns with gradient 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The temperature of the column and the autosampler was set at 30°C and 4°C respectively. In the negative ESI mode, each sample was scanned from m/z 50 to 1700. Results After the administration of isorhamnetin, 1 parent compound and 25 metabolites were identified, which were respectively distributed in the feces （19）, urine （15）, blood （5） and bile （2） of mice. Conclusion Isorhamnetin can induce hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, glycosylation, deglycosylation, sulfation, methylation, acetylation, hydrogenation and glucuronidation in mice. The consequent metabolites may be the potentially effective compounds of isorhamnetin.

Objective To investigate the effects of nucleophosmin 1 （NPM1） on the proliferation and migration of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines Huh28 and RBE, and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods Recombined plasmid containing NPM1 was transiently transfected into Huh28 and RBE cells for overexpression of NPM1. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was used to knock down the endogenous NPM1 in Huh28 and RBE cells. To verify the effects of overexpression and knockdown of NPM1, NPM1 protein expression levels were detected in Huh28 and RBE by Western blotting assays. CCK-8 assays were used to assess the proliferation of Huh28 and RBE cells. The effects of NPM1 on migration and invasion of Huh28 and RBE cells were verified by Transwell assays.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） and Western blotting assays were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of specific genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）, including cadherin 1（CDH1）, cadherin 2（CDH2）, β-catenin1（CTNNB1） and vimentin（VIM）. Log-rank test was used to reveal the difference in survival between cholangiocarcinoma patients with high and low NPM1 expressions. Results Knockdown of NPM1 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh28 and RBE cells, whereas overexpression of NPM1 induced the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh28 and RBE cells. Overexpression of NPM1 induced EMT, whereas knockdown of NPM1 reduced EMT. NPM1 was up-regulated in cholangiocarcinoma tissues compared with non-tumor liver tissues, and its high expression was marginally associated with poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion NPM1 can promote the proliferation, migrationand invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines by activating the EMT pathway. Thus, NPM1 might act as an oncogene in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

There is growing evidence that the pathogenicity of Corynebacterium has been underestimated,and that this group of bacteria can even infect immunocompetent individuals without susceptible factors. Corynebacterium has come to be recognized as important opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. In recent years,there have been successive cases of genitourinary tract infections in males caused by C.glucuronolyticum that not only shows specificity for the genitourinary tract of males,but, as an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium,can cause male non-gonococcal urethritis,chronic bacterial prostatitis,persistent or recurrent cystitis without precipitating factors and other genitourinary tract infectious diseases. This paper reviews literature related to C.glucuronolyticum in terms of biological characteristics,epidemiological characteristics,possible pathogenic mechanisms,clinical significance and related antibacterial drug sensitivity of the bacteriumin order to provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

With the rapid development of aerospace in China, the influence of the space environment on astronauts has attracted more attention. Microgravity is extremely important for cognitive ability of the brain, which is closely related to the successful completion of the spaceflight mission. Therefore, the negative influence of microgravity on cognitive ability is an important issue to be solved urgently in space medicine. This review summarizes the effects of microgravity on cognition, possible mechanisms, and ways to reduce the negative effects of microgravity. It is hoped that this study will provide support for the aerospace development of China.

Objective To analyze the status quo and developments of British BMJ Military Health since 2011 using knowledge maps and other tools so as to help related health care institutions in China to keep track of British military medicine. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for articles from BMJ Military Health published between 2011 and 2022,and a total of 1475 pieces of literature were retrieved. Such knowledge map analysis tools as Hiscite,VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for the research. Results The cited frequency of BMJ Military Health journals continued to trend up year by year,indicating that British military medicine received more attention. Royal Defense Medical Center,Birmingham University,University of London,Imperial College London and King′s College London were the leading contributors. The priorities of research involved the treatment of war wounds,maintenance of mental health,and the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Conclusion Constructing the knowledge maps of BMJ Military Health can help researchers gain insights into the developments of the journal.

Military training injuries are a common and frequently occurring disease in the army， which pose a serious risk to the health of soldiers and combat effectiveness. On the basis of the larger number of pilot projects for military training injury prevention and control and the "three tours" carried out by the whole army， the research group organized experts in related fields of military training injury prevention and control to compile the Expert Consensus on Principles of Diagnosis and Prevention of Military Training Injuries （hereinafter referred to as the "Consensus"） in line with the principles of putting prevention first， taking into account the reality， highlighting key points and proper rehabilitation by reference to the Regulations on Health Protection in Military Training. The "Consensus" has explicitly specified the definition， diagnostic basis， diagnostic criteria， classification criteria for injuries， diagnostic points， treatment principles and prevention principles of military training injuries. It aims to guide military surgeons at each level to effectively carry out early prevention， standardized diagnosis， treatment and rehabilitation intervention of military training injuries， which will play an important role in the prevention and treatment of military training injuries in the whole army.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras （PROTAC） is a bifunctional molecule that targets protein of interest （POI） for degradation by co-opting the ubiquitin-proteasome system （UPS）. In recent years, PROTAC technology has been widely explored as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infection, which has become a hot spot and priority for drug development. This review is intended to outline the important milestones and the key research progress in the field of PROTAC, offer recommendations on the design of PROTAC,and describe the challenges to and prospects of targeted degradation by PROTAC.

Trauma is the main cause of death and disability on the battlefield, and traumatic hemorrhage is the main cause of potentially preventable death. As an alternative way of peripheral intravenous infusion, intraosseous infusion is increasingly used in battlefield trauma resuscitation, and playing a positive role. With the continuous updating of Tactical Combat Casualty Care （TCCC）, and the practice and research of combat injury treatment, ways to use intraosseous infusion in the resuscitation of battlefield trauma patients are becoming more specific. This paper summarizes the applications of intraosseous infusion in battlefield trauma resuscitation in order to provide reference for the application of this technology in the treatment of war injuries in China.

Objective To investigate the effects of air-liquid interface（ALI）co-culture of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell A549 and endothelial cells on the phenotype and function of A549 cells in the presence of endothelial cells. Methods An air-liquid co-culture model was established using the transwell culture system, in which A549 cells were cultured on the upper surface of transwell membrane and endothelial cells on the bottom surface of transwell membrane. Real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR） was performed to detect the expression levels of surfactant associated proteins, intercellular junctions and proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 invasion in A549 cells after ALI co-culture with or without endothelial cells,while flow cytometry was performed to detect the infection rate of recombinant lentivirus particles encoding the truncated S protein in the cells. Results Comparative analysis suggested that the EA.hy926 endothelial cell line was preferable for establishing a new ALI co-culture model than primary endothelial cells HUVEC. The traditional ALI culture up-regulated the expressions of surfactant protein SP-B, SP-D,E-cadherin and tight junction protein 1 （ZO-1）, and SARS-CoV-2 receptorsneuropilin 1（NRP1）,asialoglycoprotein receptor 1（ASGR1） and kringle containing transmembrane protein 1（Kremen1）,while ALI co-culture with endothelial cells significantly up-regulated these genes （P<0.05）. The cell infection rate of model virus particles increased significantly compared with traditional ALI culture in A549 cells （P<0.05）. Conclusion An air-liquid co-culture model of A549 cells and EA.hy926 cells has been established,which provides a new pathological model for the investigation of lung diseases and drug screening.

Objective To investigate the role of Kelch-like- epichlorohydrin-associated protein1/nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor-2-related factor 2 （Keap1-Nrf2） and nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） signaling pathways in sepsis-associated encephalopathy（SAE）. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice of SPF were randomly divided into four groups （n=10）： the control group and LPS 6 h, 24 h and 48 h groups. The behavioral changes of the mice were assessed based on their general conditions and open field test（OFT）. ELISA was used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum, and the antioxidant capacity assay kit to examine antioxidant activity in brain tissues of mice. Real-time quantitative PCR（qPCR） was adopted to detect the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor4 （Tlr4）, NF-κB, Keap1 and Nrf2 in the hippocampus, and to determine protein expressions of NF-κB、Nrf2、Keap1 and Tlr4 with Western blotting. Results Compared to the control group, the serum concentrations of interleukin 6 （IL-6） in lipopolysaccharide（LPS） groups increased at 6 h, and reached the peak at 24 h and 48 h （P<0.01）. The levels of serum interleukin 18 （IL-18） in the LPS groups increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h （P<0.01） but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the 48h group. The results indicated the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione（GSH） in brain tissues in LPS groups increased（P<0.01）. OFT results showed the time spent in the center of the open field, the distance covered around the center, and total distance covered by mice in LPS groups were significantly reduced （P<0.01）,except for the time spent in the center of the open field in the LPS 24 h group. The mRNA expressions of Tlr4 and （LPS 6 h, 48 h） NF-κB in the hippocampus tissue of mice in LPS groups were elevated （P<0.05）, so were the mRNA expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in LPS 6 h group. Additionally, the protein expressions of NF-κB, Keap1 and Tlr4 increased in LPS groups, so did the protein expression of Nrf2 in LPS 24 h and 48 h groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion Keap1-Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways may play a certain role in SAE.;

Objective To identify the sensitive indexes for heat acclimatization by observing the changes of physiological and psychological indexes in the process of heat acclimatization training in order to recommend workable on-the-scene expertise. Methods One hundred and thirteen young male soldiers were enrolled for fourteen days of heat acclimatization training. 3000-meter running was chosen as the quantitative load exercise. The changes of physiological and psychological indexes before and after 3000-meter running at four time points in the process of thermal conditioning training were monitored. Such devices as the body activity meter with a heart rate belt, infrared thermometer and weight scale were used to monitor the heart rate during the plateau phase, body temperature （temperatures of the ear, forehead and palm skin）, amounts of perspiration during the 3000-meter running and the time taken by the 3000-meter running. Rating of perceived exertion（RPE）, thermal sensation（TSV） and sweat feeling index（SFI） were measured by means of questionnaires. Results With the prolongation of heat acclimatization training, the D-value of ear temperatures before and after 3000-meter running trended up （P<0.05） before trending down. The 3000-meter running was finished in a shorter time （P<0.01）, that is, the soldiers were improved athletically. The training-impulse（TRIMP） of 3000-meter running （heart rate × performance） was significantly decreased （P<0.01）, suggesting enhanced cardiovascular function. Conclusion The TRIMP of 3000-meter running and D-value of ear temperatures are easy to monitor and sensitive to changes, which can be used as the first-choice indexes for the evaluation of heat acclimatization at the site of training.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily G member 2（ABCG2） gene labelled with Myc tag and to study its biological function. Methods Using the human ovarian library as the template, human ABCG2 gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into the pXJ-40-myc expression vector.The recombinant plasmid pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 was identified via enzyme digestion and sequencing before being transfected into the breast cancer cell line ZR75-1. The expression of ABCG2 protein was verified by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the localization of ABCG2 protein in cells. CCK-8 assay and wound-healing assay were used to determine the effect of ABCG2 gene on the proliferation and migration ability of breast cancer cells. The effect of ABCG2 gene on drug efflux of chemotherapeutic drug mitoxantrone was examined via the flow cytometric technique. Results The ABCG2 gene of about 2000 bp was retrieved from a human ovarian library and constructed on the pXJ-40-myc vector, and the sequencing results were consistent with the target sequences. Plasmids were extracted and transfected into human ZR75-1 breast cancer cells. The results of immunofluorescence showed that ABCG2 protein was mainly expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of ZR75-1 cells. CCK-8 detection and wound-healing assay result showed that breast cancer cells transfected with pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 had increased proliferation and migration ability compared with cells transfected with the empty vector. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that ABCG2 induced to increase drug efflux to mitoxantrone in cells. Conclusion A eukaryotic expression vector of pXJ-40-myc-ABCG2 is constructed, and the localization and drug resistance mediated by ABCG2 in cells are verified, which can help explore the role of ABCG2 in the development of breast cancer cells in the future.

Objective To construct and identify a model of pancreatic-specific Golgi protein 73 （GP73） knockout mice for studies on GP73 function in the pancreas. Methods A model of GP73flox/+ mice was constructed by inserting two LoxP loci into both ends of exon 4 of the GP73 gene via homologous recombination in fertilized eggs. The GP73flox/+ mice were bred with Pdx1Cre+ mice to obtain GP73flox/+Pdx1Cre+ mice before the GP73flox/+Pdx1Cre+ mice were mated with GP73flox/+ mice to obtain the required GP73flox/floxPdx1Cre+ mice. The flox and Cre genotypes were identified by PCR. The pancreatic specificity knockout efficiency of GP73 at the protein and mRNA levels was validated by real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） and Western blotting. The genotypes on the offspring of the crossbred mice were statistically analyzed to find out whether these genotypes conformed to the Mendel′s laws of inheritance. Additionally, the growth and development of the transgenic mice were analyzed by calculating the tissue weight or the body weight. Results GP73flox/floxPdx1Cre+ mice were obtained through mouse hybridization and identified by PCR. Compared with the control mice, the mRNA and protein levels of pancreas GP73 in GP73flox/floxPdx1Cre+ mice were significantly reduced, but the GP73 level was not significantly different in other tissues, suggesting that a proper mouse model of GP73 pancreatic-specific knockout mice was constructed. In addition, compared with the control mice, GP73flox/floxPdx1Cre+ mice had no embryonic lethality or significant difference in growth and development so that they could be used for further studies. Conclusion A GP73 pancreas-specific knockout mouse model is constructed, which can serve as a critical experimental mouse model for studying pancreatic GP73 function。

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated （ATM） is a protein encoded by ATM gene. ATM as an important factor regulating oxidative stress response can maintain redox homeostasis in vivo. This review discusses the mechanism of ATM activation by oxidative stress,the role of ATM activation in alteration of cell redox homeostasis,cell metabolism and autophagy,and its relationship with diseases. It provides a new idea for future study on the biological function of ATM and its application to the treatment of related diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of coactosin-like protein 1（COTL1） knockdown in macrophage on inflammation responses and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods A lentiviral vector was constructed to specifically knockdown the expression of COTL1, and transfected into RAW264.7 cells, which were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to induce a cellular model of inflammation. The effect of COTL1 knockdown in RAW264.7 cells was detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） in the levels of protein and mRNA. The phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）, c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase （IKK） in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS and the changes in phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK and IKK in RAW264.7 cells with COTL1 knockdown stimulated by LPS were detected by Western blotting. LPS-induced nitric oxide （NO） production was measured by Nitric Oxide Assay Kit. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in supernatants of RAW264.7 cells with COTL1 knockdown stimulated by LPS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Knockdown of COTL1 in RAW264.7 cells could resist the activation of JNK and NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathways caused by LPS, and alleviate the expressions of downstream inflammatory cytokines and reactive nitrogen, which in turn reduces the overall inflammation. Conclusion COTL1 knockdown in macrophages can mitigate the inflammatory response by reducing the activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, the secretion of downstream inflammatory cytokines and the production of NO.

未来海战中，反舰导弹将作为交战双方的主要作战武器。掌握反舰导弹打击舰船后的伤亡情况及伤员伤情分布对卫勤保障建设有着重要意义。本文通过历史数据收集及文献查阅，对二战以来的有关资料进行了整理分析。统计结果显示反舰导弹造成的伤亡比例增高，受打击舰船沉没的几率减小；在未来的医疗救治中，要着重关注炸伤、烧伤、吸入伤、贯通伤的救治，同时，也应警惕海水浸泡伤对伤员的危害。

In the future, all-domain operations will pose new challenges to Combat Casualty Care. To deal with these challenges, the U.S. military has continued to innovate the model and concept related to health services,impacting the new style of Combat Casualty Care. This article summarized the U.S. military's progress in Combat Casualty Care management and research in 2021, analyzed the measures taken by the U.S. military, including the continuous promotion of the health-information system reform, updating the new edition of Combat Casualty Care Guidelines, and organizing advanced training on Prolonged Casualty Care by focusing on the layout of a number of prospective projects as well as the new technologies and equipment for Combat Casualty Care in order to provide reference for the development of Combat Casualty Care here in China.

目的 在空军带实战任务背景的新型飞行训练模式下,建立一套高性能战斗机飞行员航空医学训练综合效能评价指标体系，将有效促进航空医学训练机构按纲施训、科学高效评估训练效果，实现航空医学训练的科学组训和飞行员受训综合能力选拔，从而为提升空军战斗力奠定基础。方法 采用文献调研和德尔菲专家咨询法，在前期开展《我空军高性能战斗机飞行员航空医学训练情况调查问卷》的基础上，设计完成《高性能战机飞行员航空医学训练综合效能评价体系专家咨询表》，通过专家评分法、统计学四分位法和卡方检验对指标要素进行筛选、增减并设置权重，最终通过一致性检验构建评价指标体系的框架结构。结果 专家咨询共遴选25名业内高年资专家，包括卫勤机关主管部门3人、航卫专家15人和航空兵部队7人，严格按照德尔菲专家咨询原则经两轮咨询过程达成高度一致结论，筛选出高性能战机飞行员航空医学训练综合效能评价一级指标4项、二级指标11项、三级指标41项。结论 本研究构建了高性能战机飞行员航空医学训练综合效能评价体系，明确了从组训能力、人员能力、受训效果和系统效能四个方面对当前空军飞行员航空医学训练进行科学评价，将有效促进航空医学训练模式的改进、训练内容的完善以及训练效果的评价，进一步提升空军航空医学训练水平。

以色列长期处于战争状态，其卫勤保障水平居于世界前列。通过参加以色列国际卫勤培训和研讨，明确以色列国防军卫勤保障现状，从“战友守护者”计划的出台、战时救治体系的变化以及军医培养方式的调整三个方面综合阐述了以色列国防军军医团卫勤保障理念与策略调整变化的主要方面，剖析了演进原因并讨论了其仍在强化的理念，旨在为我军开展卫勤保障工作提供一些借鉴和参考。

目的 全面总结美、韩空军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准及其相关依据，阐明美、韩空军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准体系和重点内容，为我军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准修订提供依据，为加强医院空勤管理提供思路。方法 全面对照美、韩空军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准，提出标准构成、指标内容和相关标准之间的具体差异，明确美、韩空军标准之间的异同点。结果 美、韩空军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准在体系构成构成相同，均规定了基本的详细指标和特许指标，但具体指标存在一定差异，韩国空军功能性指标包括视功能、听力、前庭功能等与美军标准相当，但规定了部分美军未明确规定的形态学指标，两国空军都十分重视临床专家会诊意见，对具体疾病的规定十分明确。结论 美国空军标准制订具有较强的循证医学依据，韩国空军标准大部分与美军相同，但也增加了部分具有本国特色的内容，参照美、韩标准开展我军飞行员医学选拔鉴定标准研究，加强医院空勤业务管理，积累科研证据，完善技术手段，对扩大招飞优质生源、提升招飞整体质量具有重要意义。

Objective To find out about the background of RNA virome harbored by Marmota（marmots） in Xinjiang. Methods The intestinal samples of 14 healthy marmots from Kashgar, Xinjiang, were analyzed using the meta-transcriptomics method. Results Five mammalian viral families were annotated based on contig levels, including Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Circoviridae and Adenoviridae. According to the results of viral meta-transcriptomics, the detection and evolutionary analysis of the annotated viruses showed that the contigs of cardiovirus, kobuvirus and mosavirus shared high identities with the current known viruses and represented new variants of those viruses. However, the enteroviral and adenoviral contigs showed a distant relationship with known viruses, hence the possibility of new species. There were significant differences in amino acid homology between the astroviruses and the other marmot-derived astroviruses, indicating genetic diversity of the astroviruses in marmots. It was worthy of note that the rotavirus was closely related to bovine virus with as high as 92% nucleotide identity, indicating fecal-oral transmission. Conclusion These results reveal the diversity of RNA viruses harbored in rectal samples of marmots, which sheds light on the marmot virome and ecological circle of viral transmission between natural reservoirs and livestock.

Objective To observe the effects of nutritional preparations on the function of HPO axis, HPA axis and thermogenesis of brown fat in female SD rats exposed to acute cold. Methods After 3 days of adaptive feeding, 40 adult female SD rats were divided into the normal control group （C）, cold exposure group 1 （CE-1）, cold exposure group 2 （CE-2）, nutrition preparation group 1 （Nmi 1） and nutrition preparation group 2 （NMel 2）, with 8 rats in each. All the five groups were raised in a room with normal temperatures and were free to eat and drink. Group C and CE were given 2 ml distilled water every day, while group N was given 2 ml nutritional preparations daily. As the survival experiment, after 14 days of intragastric administration, the animals in the CE-1 group and NMUI 1 group were exposed to cold at -15℃ until all the experimental animals died, and the time of death was recorded. During the acute cold exposure experiment, after 14 days of intragastric administration, the animals in the CE-2 group and NMel 2 group were exposed to cold at -15℃ for 4 hours, and the anal temperature was measured immediately after the rats left the cabin. The serum, uterus, ovary and brown fat were taken, and the levels of such serum hormones as follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）, luteinizing hormone （LH）, norepinephrine （NE） and the expressions of thermogenic related proteins such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1） were detected via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptors （FSHRs）, luteinizing hormone receptors （LHRs） and uncoupling protein （UCP1） were detected by Western blotting. Results Nutritional preparations could prolong the survival time to some extent and increase the core temperature of female SD rats exposed to acute cold （P<; 0.05）. Acute cold exposure significantly up-regulated the expressions of FSHR and LHR protein in the rat ovary and decreased the serum levels of FSH and LH （P<; 0.05）, while nutritional preparation could do the opposite （P<; 0.05）. The levels of CRH, EPI and NE decreased significantly under acute cold exposure （P<; 0.05）, and nutritional preparations could change serum hormones more significantly. Acute cold exposure down-regulated the expressions of PGC-1α and UCP1 protein in brown fat （BAT） （P<; 0.05） while nutritional preparations could increase these expressions to normal. Conclusion Nutritional preparations can increase the core temperature of animals exposed to acute cold, improve the levels of HPO axis and HPA axis related hormones, regulate the expressions of HPO axis related receptors in the uterus and ovary, and promote BAT thermogenesis and cold resistance by promoting the expressions of thermogenesis related proteins.

背景：埃博拉、马尔堡等烈性传染病严重威胁人们的生命健康，目前迫切需要有效的干预药物及其评价手段。研究显示Tim-1分子可作为多种病毒的共受体促进病毒的感染。本研究旨在利用假病毒方法评价Tim-1抗体在防治埃博拉、马尔堡感染中的可能作用。方法：制备埃博拉（EBOV）及马尔堡（Marburg）假病毒，以HEK-293T细胞为靶细胞，利用假病毒评价抗人Tim-1抗体对埃博拉及马尔堡病毒的防治作用。结果：（1）成功制备了能感染HEK-293T细胞的埃博拉、马尔堡假病毒；发现Tim-1在HEK-293-T细胞上的表达水平影响假病毒感染效率。（2）成功表达了抗人Tim-1抗体，ELISA及FACS实验证实了其结合特异性；（3）制备的Tim-1抗体能够中和埃博拉、马尔堡假病毒的感染，并显示出与埃博拉及马尔堡抗体的协同作用。结论：我们制备的Tim-1抗体显示了良好的中和活性，为埃博拉、马尔堡感染的防治提供了新的手段。假病毒是可行的抗体功能评价方法。

[摘要] 目的 通过在不同电转染方案下对电转染外源DNA到伯氏疟原虫效率进行对比，筛选优化出最佳的电转染方案。 方法 首先以 mKate2为报告基因构建环状质粒PL0035-mKate2-3UTR,然后饲养昆明小鼠在体培养伯氏疟原虫（Plasmodium berghei），达到相应寄生率后体外同步化培养疟原虫，Nycodenz梯度离心纯化疟原虫成熟裂殖体，利用目前最先进的LONZA公司的Nucleofector核转染系统对伯氏疟原虫进行电转染，最后采用流式细胞仪分析电转染效率并提取KM小鼠全血DNA作为模板进行PCR扩增鉴定转染结果。 结果 经过转染后流式细胞仪分析和昆明小鼠在体培养血涂片吉姆萨染色镜下观察，Lonza Nucleofector 4D核转染系统电转染程序FI115与FP167均可使转染效率达到10-3，FP167下转染10ug环状质粒效率接近10-2。同样电转染条件下，外源DNA越多，转染效率越高。 结论 优化得到伯氏疟原虫电转染较好的方案，为后续疟原虫药物、疫苗及生物学相关研究提供可靠、高效的转染方案。

目的 比较人诱导多能干细胞(hiPSC)来源的间充质干细胞(hiMSCs)与人骨髓来源的间充质干细胞(hBMSC)的生物学性状。方法 流式鉴定hiMSC表面标志物CD11b、CD19、CD90、CD73、CD105；显微镜观察比较hiMSC与hBMSC早期代数的形态学性状；CCK8检测比较hiMSC与hBMSC早期增殖能力以及长期增殖能力；QRT-PCR检测比较hiMSC与hBMSC多能性以及比较hiMSC与hBMSC旁分泌功能。结果 hiMSC表面标志物CD105、CD90、CD73阳性表达而CD11b、CD19、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR阴性表达；hBMSC早期代数细胞呈长梭形而hiMSC早期代数细胞呈短梭形；hBMSC 与hiMSC P6代之前细胞增殖能力基本一致，而P6代以后hiMSC细胞增殖能力要强于hBMSC细胞增殖能力；hiMSCs和hBMSC都具有成骨、成脂多能性；hBMSC分泌PLGF、HIF-1α、SDF-1、SCF、bFGF生长因子的能力强于hiMSC,而分泌VEGF的能力比hiMSC弱；。结论 流式鉴定显示hiMSC与hBMSC都符合间充质干细胞表面标志物的特征；hiMSC与hBMSC早期细胞形态相似都呈梭形；P6代细胞之后hiMSC增殖能力强于hBMSC且两者都具有多能性；hiMSC与hBMSC旁分泌能力有差异，hiMSC可做为hBMSC的良好替代细胞。

战现场急救技术是部队作战人员与卫勤人员必须掌握的基础技能之一，主要涉及人体解剖学、生理学和外科学等医学知识。熟练掌握人体解剖有助于战创伤伤情的判断与救治。常见的动物实验、化妆伤员以及模拟人实验等模拟救治训练难以直观地展示人体解剖结构的三维立体形态及其空间毗邻关系，无法有效地将解剖学知识与战现场急救技术相联系。基于薄层高精度高分辨率的中国数字化人体数据集（Chinese Visible Human Data set以下简称CVH）创建的人体三维模型能够真实反映中国人体特征，结合战伤救治中的指压止血、环甲膜穿刺、气胸穿刺、骨髓腔穿刺等伤情模块所创建的三维便携式文档（简称3D-PDF）可以从不同视角展示止血点和穿刺点周围的神经、动脉、静脉、肌肉和骨等人体结构，其文件小，方便传输和操作，将其用于部队作战人员与卫勤人员的日常模拟救治训练，能够有效调动学员的学习积极性、主观能动性、空间想象能力，提高学员的学习效率与教员的授课效率。

Objective To analyze the hotspots and developments in the field of language model-assisted artificial intelligence （AI） for antibody design and optimization in order to provide reference for research on development of antibodies. Methods By using CiteSpace software, hotspots of research were analyzed based on literature retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, focusing on three pivotal areas of research related to antibody design and optimization： the construction of pre-trained language models for antibodies, the generation of antibody sequences, and the prediction of three-dimensional structures of antibodies. In addition, this analysis reviewed the major advances in each of the specified research tasks, focusing on the delineation of similarities and differences across studies and dominating challenges in this field. Results From 2019 （10 publications） to 2023 （89 publications）, the scale of and interest in this field kept increasing. Hotspots involved leveraging language models to assist the design or optimization of humanized, high-affinity, and highly specific antibodies. Within each research, methods were characterized by the diversity of model architectures, consistency of training data, and variations in training strategies. Challenges to the field included sparse antigen data, computational power limitations, and insufficient integration of wet and dry lab experiments. Conclusion Research in language model-assisted AI antibody design and optimization is gaining momentum and proves fruitful. However, researchers should be alert to the inadequate attention to antigen-antibody interactions and insufficient integration of experimental and computational validation, conduct more in-depth research and expand applications.

The term “junshi yixue” has two meanings in Chinese. One is health care among the military troops and the other is military medical sciences. Another term “weisheng qinwu” also has two meanings in Chinese. One is the administration of military health care and the other is military medical services. Different meanings of these terms have left the Chinese military healthcare providers confused for many years. This article discusses in detail the different meanings of those two terms and draws three conclusions about their relationships.

Objective To construct a replicative senescence model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) detect the functional changes related to aging lysosomes, and provide an effective cell model for aging-related lysosomal diseases. Methods MEFs were isolated using the enzyme digestion method, and continuously cultured to construct a replicative senescence model. The senescence-related genes p16 and p21 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR). Senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was used to find out more about the aging of MEFs. Acidic lysosomes were qualitatively detected with the LysoTracker Red DND-99 probe, and the pH value of lysosomes was quantitatively detected with the LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160 double excitation probe. The ability of aging lysosomes to degrade was detected with self-quenched BODIPY^® dye conjugates of bovine serum albumin(DQ-BSA). Results qPCR and SA-β-Gal staining showed that a replicative senescence model of MEFs was constructed. Compared with the young MEFs, the acidity of lysosomes of senescent MEFs was significantly decreased (P<0.0001), so was the ability of the aging lysosomes to degrade(P<0.05). Conclusion A replicative senescence model of MEFs is constructed, the acidity of lysosomes of senescent MEFs is lost and the degradation ability is decreased.

[摘要] 目的 基于高密度抗体芯片技术检测肝癌血清的蛋白表达图谱和潜在生物标志物。方法 运用由1000个血清蛋白抗体组成的抗体芯片结合生物素标记血清的策略对健康人和乙型肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌（AFP-）四组样本的血清蛋白表达图谱进行检测，通过one-way ANOVA统计方法分析差异蛋白，用本实验室点制的小型芯片对检测的差异蛋白进行验证。结果 该抗体芯片技术可用于肝癌血清蛋白表达图谱的检测，且有很好的重复性和特异性。通过小型芯片的验证发现MINA与肝硬化、D-Dimer与肝癌密切相关（p值≤0.01）。另外，生存曲线分析发现MINA和D-Dimer对于肝癌可能具有一定的预后价值（p值≤0.05）。结论 通过抗体芯片检测方法可以初步筛选出具有临床诊断意义的肝癌血清标志物，为进一步开展临床验证奠定基础。

双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteria）被广泛地应用于益生菌食品和乳制品中。长双歧杆菌XY01（B. longum XY01）是本实验室从人肠道中分离出的一种益生菌菌株，具有降解碳水化合物的功能。本研究基于基因组学和蛋白质组学测序，比较分析了B. longum XY01与常规菌株B. longum NCC2705的碳水化合物代谢特点。研究发现，与常规菌株B. longum NCC2705相比，B. longum XY01的基因组更大，含有一个2,480,603 bp的环状染色体，并且含有381个特异编码序列，其中5个与岩藻糖代谢相关：岩藻糖酸脱水酶（GS08_09530和GS08_01695），岩藻糖异构酶（GS08_01710），α-L岩藻糖苷酶（GS08_01715）和L-岩藻糖通透酶（GS08_09520）。另外，通过液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术，共鉴定出B. longum XY01菌株含有1,365种蛋白(占预测蛋白组的71.8%)，确定了B. longum XY01的bifid shunt过程和糖酵解通路相关的酶。本研究将有助于我们理解这一类益生菌的生理生化功能、与宿主相互作用和对机体有益作用。

目的 初步探讨COTL1（Coactosin-Like Protein 1，Coactosin样蛋白）对非酒精性脂肪肝病（Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD）的作用及可能的分子机制。方法 构建腺相关病毒载体特异性敲低小鼠肝脏COTL1的表达，同时蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏（Methionine choline deficiency，MCD）饮食诱导NAFLD模型。通过小鼠活体成像观察敲低载体是否注射成功；蛋白免疫印迹（Western Blotting，WB）检测肝脏特异性敲低COTL1的效果；定期观察并记录分析小鼠的体重和肝重变化；全自动生化仪检测小鼠血清肝功能指标变化；病理切片染色观察小鼠肝脏结构及脂滴变化；WB检测肝脏特异性敲低COTL1，其分子伴侣花生四烯酸盐5-脂氧合酶（Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, ALOX5）的表达量变化。 结果 COTL1在MCD饮食诱导的NAFLD模型小鼠肝脏中表达量上调；特异性敲低肝脏COTL1表达，小鼠体重肝重增加，血清转氨酶水平升高；肝脏脂肪蓄积减少，脂滴明显变小减少，脂肪变性减轻；ALOX5的表达量随COTL1表达水平的降低而下降。 结论 特异性敲低肝脏COTL1表达可以减轻肝脏脂肪变性，COTL1可能通过与ALOX5的相互作用促进NAFLD的发生发展。

目的 对尿液多肽组提取方法进行优化，简化尿液多肽组样品的制备流程，提高多肽的富集效率与鉴定数量，为潜在的临床生物标志物筛选提供技术支持。方法 将3 mL的尿液样品经过超滤管（10 kDa截留分子量）离心后得到流穿液，然后通过脱盐层析柱（PD-10）除去流穿液中的盐及尿黄素等小分子污染成分，得到多肽组样品。然后利用纳升高效液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱（nano-LC-MS/MS）进行检测。为了提高多肽组的测序深度，可以提高尿液样品起始量（如10 ~40 mL），经过超滤管离心后，利用反相色谱柱（Oasis HLB固相萃取柱）进行样品初步脱盐和浓缩，然后经PD-10脱盐和StageTip分离后，得到可用于质谱检测的尿液多肽组样品。该方法处理样品总时间控制在4~6h，脱盐过程简单，在10 mL尿液样品中最多鉴定到归属于261种蛋白的1810条肽段。的特点是简单、快捷和高效，为可能的临床应用提供候选策略。结果 使用10 kDa截留量超滤管所得多肽样品鉴定到的肽段数量是3 kDa截留量超滤管的1.5倍；同时，前者可以有效缩短样品处理时间；使用PD-10层析柱能够有效地除去尿液样品中的尿黄素等小分子物质污染，提高了质谱检测效率；质谱数据分析选用pFind开放式搜库模式，与MaxQuant相比能够显著提高多肽的鉴定率，且搜库耗时显著降低；利用定量蛋白质组学的策略，评估了本方法对多肽的回收效率，其平均回收效率高于50%，最高在90 %以上。 结论 通过对尿液多肽组富集与检测的各个环节的测试与优化，显著降低了尿液多肽组的检测时间和成本，简化了实验操作流程，所需尿液样品体积更小，同时可以实现较高规模的多肽组测序覆盖度，为筛选潜在的疾病生物标志物提供技术支撑。