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  • Expert review
    Major changes in the Dietary Ration for Military Personnel standard （GJB 826C—2022） and their basis
    JIANG Yugang, SHEN Hui, DU Peng, GUO Changjiang, DU Shuguang, JIANG Zhanwei
    2024, 48(8): 561-564. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The Dietary Ration for Military Personnel（GJB 826C—2022）is a new standard formulated after revision of the national military standard - Dietary Ration for Soldiers （GJB826B—2010）. The major changes included that：①The daily standards of the ration for different types of stoveswere merged and integrated, and special requirements for food ration and food quality of personnel in special positions such as pilots, divers and those in direct contact with nuclear materials were specified;②The food structure was optimized. The daily standards of ration for grain, animal food, especially livestock and poultry meat were lowered while those for fruit and milk were increased.The requirements for the supply of whole grains were elevated while the proportions of lean meat, beef and mutton, seafood and other animal foods were detailed;③The new daily standards for nuts were added.The new standard could better meet the practical needsof actual combat, underscored dietary quality, and proved to be more user-friendly and practical. It is of great significance for improving the dietary nutrition of troops, creating a new dietary pattern to improve combat effectiveness, constructing a support system for joint military operations, and enhancing the military supply capabilities in China.
    • Original articles
  • Original articles
    Differences and mechanisms of reproductive damage in male rats caused by single and combined exposures to S-band and X-band microwaves
    LI Yanyang, PANG Yueyue, ZHAO Li, WANG Haoyu, MEN Junqi, YAO Binwei, PENG Ruiyun
    2024, 48(8): 565-571. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.002
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    Objective To study the differences and mechanisms of damage to the reproductive organs of male rats by single and compound exposure to microwaves at 2.856 and 9.375 GHz. Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group,S10 group,X10 group and SX5 group. Microwavesat 2.856 and 9.375 GHz were used to expose the rats for 6 min in the S10 and X10 groups with an average power density of 10 mW/cm2,respectively. The SX5 group was sequentiallyexposed to 2.856 and 9.375 GHz microwaves with an average power density of 5 mW/cm2 for 6 min. At 1 and 7 d after exposure,the sperm viability and serum sex hormones were detected by light microscopy and electron microscopy,and testicular tissue structure and oxidative stress and energy metabolism levels were examined. Results The sperm viability,testosterone （T）,follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）,and inhibin B （INHB） decreased in the S10 and X10 groups at 1 and 7 d after exposure （P<0.01）,and in the SX5 group at 7 d after exposure （P<0.05）. The LH decreased in all the exposure groups at 1 d after exposure （P<0.01）,and increased in the S10 and X10 groups at 7 d after exposure （P<0.05）. The spermatogenic epithelium of testicular tissue was lax,spermatogenic cells were edematous and vacuolated,chromatin condensed and shifted side by side,and the damage was significant in the S10 and X10 groups as compared with the SX5 group. The superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity in testis tissue decreased and malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 group （P<0.01）. In the X10 group,the SOD decreased at 1 d after exposure （P<0.01）. The lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and succinate dehydrogenase （SDH） activity and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content in testis tissue decreased at 1 and 7 d after exposure in the S10 and X10 groups （P<0.05）. In the SX5 group,the LDH and SDH decreased at 1 d after exposure （P<0.05）. Conclusion Single and combined exposure to S-band and X-band microwaves can cause damage to male reproductive organs. The S-band causes damage more significantly than that of X-band. Single-frequency microwave high-intensity exposure causes damage more significantly than that of multi-frequency microwave prolonged combined exposure. The damage is closely related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism.
  • Original articles
    GPS2 promotes proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells
    LU Ying, XIANG Shensi, ZHAN Yiqun, YANG Xiaoming, YIN Ronghua
    2024, 48(8): 572-578. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore the effect of G-protein pathway suppressor 2（GPS2） on the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods GPS2 expression was analyzed via The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium （CPTAC） online database. HepG2 cells with stable knockdown or overexpression of GPS2 were established with lentivirus. The protein and mRNA expression levels of GPS2 were detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR（qPCR） while cell proliferation was verified by cell proliferation assay. Cell migration was tested by Transwell and scratch assay. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） biomarkers and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase （MMP） were detected by qPCR. Finally,the expressions of phosphorylation of protein kinase B （AKT） （p-AKT） and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK） （p-ERK） were detected by Western blotting. Results Based on the analysis of TCGA and CPTAC online database,GPS2 was highly expressed in human liver cancer tissues. Knockdown of GPS2 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells,while overexpression of GPS2 promoted the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. Silence of GPS2 up-regulated the mRNA level of E-cadherin（E-CAD）,down-regulated the mRNA levels of N-cadherin（N-CAD）,Vimentin（VIM）,MMP2 and MMP9,and reduced the p-AKT and p-ERK. In contrast,overexpression of GPS2 decreased the mRNA level of E-CAD,increased the mRNA levels of N-CAD,VIM,MMP2 and MMP9,and elevated the protein levels of p-AKT and p-ERK. Conclusion GPS2 can promote the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells,which might be attributed to increased activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and the EMT process.
  • Original articles
    Sestrin2 protects against osteoarthritis by regulating the mTORC1 pathway
    LIU Zezhong, LI Caixia, LIU Xiaoguang, FU Daotong, LIU Changjie, ZHANG Yimin, ZHAO Shibo
    2024, 48(8): 579-585. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.004
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    Objective To explore the mechanism by which Sestrin2 （SESN2） regulates autophagy activity of chondrocytes by mediating mammalian rapamycin target protein complex 1 （mTORC1） signaling pathway. Methods The normal chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β （IL-1β）to establish an osteoarthritis （OA） chondrocyte model, which was divided into the control group and the IL-1β-treated group. Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 13 （MMP13）, type Ⅱ collagen （COL2A1） and SESN2 in the two groups. The cell models of the chondrocyte overexpression SESN2 group and knockdown SESN2 group were obtained via cell transfection technology, and the expression levels of SESN2 in each group were detected by qPCR while those of SESN2,MMP13, COL2A1, mTORC1 pathway-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins in each group were detected by Western blot. The effects of SESN2 on cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8 and cell scratch assay. Results （1）The expression level of MMP13 in the IL-1β-treated group was significantly up-regulated, while the expression levels of COL2A1 and SESN2 were significantly decreased. （2）Compared with the control group, the expressions of p-mTORC1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 （S6K1）, and MMP13 protein in OA chondrocytes in the overexpression group were significantly down-regulated, while the expressions of adenosine 5′-monophosphate （AMP）-activated protein kinase （AMPK） and chondroprotective gene COL2A1 were significantly increased, and the expression level of Beclin-1 and the ratio of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3-Ⅱ（LC3-Ⅱ）/（LC3-Ⅰ） were increased. Meanwhile, overexpression of SESN2 could up-regulate the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes, but the results were opposite after knockdown of SESN2. Conclusion SESN2 can enhance autophagy, proliferation and migration of chondrocytes by inhibiting mTORC1 pathway, which has provided data for revealing the pathogenesis of OA and exploring new therapeutic methods.
  • Original articles
    Construction of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in system for tardigrade damage suppressor gene Dsup and its effect on HEK 293T cell proliferation
    GAO Yuting, ZHANG Biao, JIA Yali, WANG Haiyang, FAN Tao, XI Jiafei, YUE Wen, ZENG Quan, ZHOU Junnian
    2024, 48(8): 586-593. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.005
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    Objective To construct HEK 293T cells that express tardigrade Dsup protein fused with green fluorescent protein copGFP in order to study the effect of Dsup protein on proliferation of HEK 293T cells. Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 gene knock-in system was constructed. The target gene fragments of Dsup, copGFP, EF1α and puromycin were amplified by PCR and inserted into pAAVS1-SFFV to construct the fusion vector of Dsup and copGFP, which was known as pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro. pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro and pAAVS1-CRISPR-Cas9 vector were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells before Dsup gene was inserted into the AAVS1 region of HEK 293T cells via homologous recombination. The HEK 293T cells expressing Dsup gene were obtained following puromycin selection, flow cytometry sorting and genome identification. The expression of Dsup at mRNA and protein levels and proliferation-related genes （MCM2, MCM4, PCNA, Ki-67） were examined to investigate the effects of Dsup gene on the proliferation of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells. Results The pAAVS1-SFFV-Dsup-copGFP-EF1α-Puro recombinant vector was constructed, and the HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP cells with Dsup gene inserted in the AAVS1 region were obtained, where both Dsup mRNA and protein were expressed. The cell proliferation rate of HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP was higher than that of HEK 293T-Control-copGFP（P<0.001）. Further investigation revealed that the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein in HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP were significantly higher than in the control group, indicating that the knock in of Dsup gene might enhance the proliferation ability of human cells by promoting the expression of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein. Conclusion A gene editing vector is constructed, and stable cell line HEK 293T-Dsup-copGFP for Dsup fusion expression with copGFP is established. The expression of Dsup gene in HEK 293T cells can promote cell proliferation, possibly by upregulating the expressions of Ki-67 and MCM4 protein.
  • Original articles
    EDAG protects hematopoietic stem cells from damage induced by chronic inflammation
    LI Siyu, ZHAO Ke, WU Yunqiang, LÜ Zhichun, SUN Huiying, ZHAO Xiongwei, XUE Yang, GAO Huiying, XIANG Shensi, LI Changyan
    2024, 48(8): 594-600. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.006
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    Objective To investigate the effect of erythroid differentiation associated gene （EDAG） on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells （HSPCs） under chronic inflammation. Methods In this study, EDAG-/- and wild type （WT） mice were divided into the experiment group and control group. An infectious chronic inflammation model was established via multiple intraperitoneal injections of Listeria monocytogenes（LM）, while a sterile chronic inflammation model was generated via multiple intraperitoneal injections of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly（I∶C）]. The effect of EDAG on HSPCs was explored under chronic inflammation conditions. Results In the LM repeated infection model, EDAG deletion led to a decrease in HSPCs and long-term hematopoietic stem cells （LT-HSCs） in mice as well as a significant bias towards myeloid differentiation in peripheral blood. Similarly, EDAG knockout also resulted in reduced numbers of HSPCs and decreased colony-forming ability in aseptic chronic inflammation models. Conclusion EDAG deficiency accelerates HSPC depletion in young mice under chronic inflammation, indicating strong protection of EDAG against HSPC damage induced by chronic inflammation.
  • Original articles
    Effects of Sirt1 on macrophage apoptosis in Vibrio vulnificus sepsis
    ZHOU Huinan, WU Chenglin, LIU Jianfei, ZHANG Chen, ZHOU Lijun, QIN Kewei
    2024, 48(8): 601-607. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.007
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    Objective To investigate the role of silencing regulatory protein 1 （Sirt1） in the regulation of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis-induced macrophage apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms. Methods Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages which stably overexpressed Sirt1 were constructed and screened by genistein G418. CCK‐8 analysis was used to detect the proliferation of cells in the control group and Sirt1-Flag group. The changes of expression levels of apoptosis-associated protein poly ADP-ribose polymerase （PARP）,cleaved-PARP,caspase3,cleaved-caspase3 and acetylated p53 in different treatment groups were detected via Western blotting. A Vibrio vulnificus sepsis model in mice was established,and the expression levels of apoptosis-associated protein cleaved-caspase3 in the lung,spleen and liver of mice of different treatment groups were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Overexpression of Sirt1 reduced VVC-induced RAW264.7 cell damage. Overexpression of Sirt1 as well as RSV pretreatment lowered the expression of apoptosis-associated protein cleaved-PARP,cleaved-caspase3 and acetylated p53 in VVC-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages. In the mouse model of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis,therapeutic administration of RSV reduced the expression of apoptosis-associated protein marker cleaved-caspase3 in lung,spleen and liver tissues. Conclusion Sirt1 can inhibit p53 acetylation and reduces apoptosis in mouse macrophages,which helps protect against Vibrio vulnificus sepsis.
  • Original articles
    Effects of suramin on acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice and the mechanism
    CHEN Xu, LIU Huiru, WANG Ting, XIANG Shensi, ZHAN Yiqun, YANG Xiaoming, REN Guangming
    2024, 48(8): 608-613. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.008
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    Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of suramin （Sur） in acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury in mice. Methods 8-10 weeks old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the APAP group and APAP+Sur group （20 mg/kg suramin was injected 1 h before）. After 18 hrs of fasting, 400 mg/kg APAP was injected intraperitoneally to establish a mouse model of acute liver failure and the survival rate was recorded. An acute liver injury model of mice was established via intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg APAP （other conditions remained unchanged）. A control group was also established, with liver tissues and serum collected at 0, 2, and 12 hours post-APAP treatment. ELISA and CBA techniques were adopted to detect the release of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in serum and the secretion of inflammatory factors. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver tissue necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. DCFA-DH and ELISA techniques were used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in liver tissues. Western blotting was employed to assess the activation of the JNK signaling pathway in liver tissues. Results Suramin treatment improved the survival rate of APAP-induced mice, reduced the release of transaminases and inflammatory factors in serum, and alleviated APAP-induced liver cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver. Suramin treatment delayed APAP-induced GSH depletion in the liver, reduced MDA and ROS levels, and inhibited JNK pathway activation. Conclusion This study has confirmed the protective effect of suramin against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mechanism is potentially related to oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Original articles
    Design and implementation of mobile medical force information system for diversified medical rescue missions
    LIU Pei, HUANG Hao, ZHANG Kejun, YU Yaping, ZHANG Rong
    2024, 48(8): 614-619. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To design a safe,stable,flexible,and scalable information system for mobile medical forces to enhance the efficiency of command and casualty treatment during diversified medical rescue missions. Methods A mobile medical force information system was developed with a layered architecture based on both Browser/Server（B/S） and Client/Server （C/S） frameworks. In this system,the front-end presentation layer was developed with Vue.js architecture,the back-end application layer by SpringCloud and Mybatis frameworks,the data management layer was devised using MySQL and Redis databases to provide standard data interfaces for other systems. This system covered several functional modules including command,casualty triage and evacuation,minor injury treatment,severe injury rescue,emergency surgery,medical service,and logistical support,which could be flexibly configured according to different types of missions. Results Information about casualty treatment was recorded in detail,accessed and traced easily.The efficiency of information statistics was improved. Conclusion The developed system enhances the efficiency of decision-making and casualty management for mobile medical forces during varied medical rescue missions.
    • Reviews
  • Reviews
    Pain assessment of war wounds and analgesic strategies
    CHEN Yan, MA Li, SUN Lijun, LI Xiumin
    2024, 48(8): 620-624. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Pain is one of the five vital signs, and the leading complication of war trauma, so analgesia is critical to combat casualty care. The U.S. Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines have defined the battlefield graded analgesic strategies. This paper reviews the assessment of pain grade of war wounds, involving the preliminary evaluation according to categories and conditions of trauma, and the quantitative evaluation according to subjective feeling and objective index monitoring. The analgesic strategies are analyzed, involving such as analgesic drugs local anesthetics, non-steroidal analgesics, opioids, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and such analgesic techniques as regional nerve block, nerve radiofrequency, nerve ablation and spinal cord electrical stimulation technology. This review is expected to provide a useful reference for improving pain management and war injury treatment in China’s army.
  • Reviews
    Research progress in improvement of sleep disorders via sound wave therapy
    GAO Xinlong, HE Ying, WU Wenhui, WAN Yu, SUN Ying, LIU Lina, JIANG Beier
    2024, 48(8): 625-629. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.011
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    Sleep disorders are characterized by abnormal amounts of sleep and unusual behavior during sleep. Long-term sleep disorders can lead to the disruption of normal social functioning or neurological conditions. In recent years, the role of sound wave therapy in improving sleep quality has attracted much attention. This article aims to review the research progress related to the role of sound wave therapy in enhancing sleep quality, cognitive function, and alleviating fatigue in patients with sleep disorders in hopes of contributing to clinical applications.
  • Reviews
    Research progress in effects of photobiomodulation on the central nervous system and related mechanisms
    BAO Ke, SONG Lun, HANG Xin
    2024, 48(8): 630-635. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.012
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    As an important frontier for research, neuroscience and brain-inspired intelligence have become priorities of research globally. Noninvasive neuromodulation and neurofunctional evaluation techniques have become important tools for neuroscience research and clinical applications. Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques represented by transcranial magnetic stimulation have proved to promise good prospects in the treatment and rehabilitation of a variety of neurological diseases. This paper reviews the main effects of PBM in the treatment of brain diseases and cognitive impairments.
  • Reviews
    Research progress in protective antibodies against yellow fever virus
    SUO Xingxing, CHI Hang, DENG Yongqiong, HAN Xiaodong
    2024, 48(8): 636-640. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.08.013
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    Yellow fever virus （YFV） is one of the most important mosquito-borne flaviviruses in the world, causing about 200,000 infections and 30,000 deaths each year, with serious impacts on human health and economic development. Currently, there are no approved specific anti-viral drugs for YFV infection. On the other hand, antibody drugs are safe, highly targeted and effective, making them one of the most effective means of prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of YFV and the recent advances in the development of protective antibodies against YFV, and predict the priorities of future research and development of protective antibodies, which may offer a new line of thought for subsequent development of yellow fever virus-specific drugs.
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