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    Original articles
  • Original articles
    Sensitive indexes for on-the-scene heat acclimatization evaluation
    LI Hai-bo, CHEN Pei-yan, CHEN Gao-fei, FAN Li-jun, MA Qiang, AN Gai-hong, WANG Jing
    2023, 47(6): 401-406. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.001
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    Objective To identify the sensitive indexes for heat acclimatization by observing the changes of physiological and psychological indexes in the process of heat acclimatization training in order to recommend workable on-the-scene expertise. Methods One hundred and thirteen young male soldiers were enrolled for fourteen days of heat acclimatization training. 3000-meter running was chosen as the quantitative load exercise. The changes of physiological and psychological indexes before and after 3000-meter running at four time points in the process of thermal conditioning training were monitored. Such devices as the body activity meter with a heart rate belt, infrared thermometer and weight scale were used to monitor the heart rate during the plateau phase, body temperature （temperatures of the ear, forehead and palm skin）, amounts of perspiration during the 3000-meter running and the time taken by the 3000-meter running. Rating of perceived exertion（RPE）, thermal sensation（TSV） and sweat feeling index（SFI） were measured by means of questionnaires. Results With the prolongation of heat acclimatization training, the D-value of ear temperatures before and after 3000-meter running trended up （P<0.05） before trending down. The 3000-meter running was finished in a shorter time （P<0.01）, that is, the soldiers were improved athletically. The training-impulse（TRIMP） of 3000-meter running （heart rate × performance） was significantly decreased （P<0.01）, suggesting enhanced cardiovascular function. Conclusion The TRIMP of 3000-meter running and D-value of ear temperatures are easy to monitor and sensitive to changes, which can be used as the first-choice indexes for the evaluation of heat acclimatization at the site of training.
  • Original articles
    Development and application of Web-based battlefield first-aid simulated training system
    LIU Jing-jing, SHI Wen-wen, HUANG Yan, WANG Yi-xin, GUI Li
    2023, 47(6): 407-411. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.002
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    Objective To develop a Web-based simulated training system for battlefield first-aid so as to provide a user-friendly, inexpensive and flexible information learning platform for military health care givers. Methods The framework of the system was designed based on the B/S mode, the interface was designed in the Web interface style and the database was managed using SQL Server 2005. The system was characterized by portability, compatibility and connectivity. The technologies employed during development involved the Net framework standard, component technology and XML support in data exchange to optimize the system function and minimize the technical interdependence within the whole system. The system was divided into the teachers′ platform, students′ platform and administrators′ platform. The system was used and evaluated in the course of vocational education. Results The system was equipped with such modules as course learning, simulation training and question answering. The cases for training included 50 cases of common battlefield first-aid in 7 categories, involving scenarios of pre-hospital care and in-hospital treatment, peacetime and wartime first-aid. The rescue of both individual casualties and mass casualties was simulated. The methods and processes of treatment （injury assessment and inspection, injury monitoring, emergency rescue, and diagnosis and evacuation） were the core of training. Conclusion The system is user-friendly, stable and rich in content, which can provide strong support for the battlefield first-aid training of military health care personnel.
  • Original articles
    Disease spectrum at a UN Chinese level-2 hospital pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic in Democratic Republic of the Congo
    WANG Jian, LUO Han, DENG Tao, LIN Lu, YANG Xian-jun, YAN Bi-yu
    2023, 47(6): 412-416. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.003
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    Objective To analyze the characteristics of outpatients and emergence patients at a UN Chinese level 2 hospital before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Democratic Republic of the Congo （DRC） in order to provide reference for precision medicine. Methods The clinical data on patients treated between Aug. 2017 and Sep. 2019 and between Oct. 2020 and Sep. 2022 in a UN Chinese level 2 hospital was collected in the study. The basic information about these patients, characteristics of systemic disease spectra, and the distribution of diseases were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results A total of 4524 patients were included in this study, 1379 of whom were were treated after the COVID-19 pandemic. The top three causes of diseases before the epidemic were digestive diseases （21.37%）, the consequences of injury, poisoning or external causes （13.07%）, and infectious or parasitic diseases （12.88%）. However, after the epidemic, they were digestive diseases （27.85%）, factors affecting health status or contact with health care institutions （16.82%）, and infectious or parasitic diseases （10.95%）. The top three diseases before the epidemic were orthopedic （19.37%）, dental （17.65%）, and respiratory diseases（16.85%）, but were dental （25.16%）, respiratory （15.88%）, and orthopedics diseases after the epidemic（14.58%）. The incidence of caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, and upper respiratory tract infections was higher both before and after the epidemic. However, the incidence of COVID-19 accounted for 3.63%, while that of trauma, malaria, and skin diseases was significantly reduced after the epidemic. Conclusion A wide range of diseases was detected in the UN Chinese level 2 hospital before and afters the epidemic. Digestive diseases, factors influencing health status or contact with the health care institutions, infectious diseases or parasitic diseases, some other consequences of injury, poisoning or external causes, and the respiratory system diseases made up a large proportion. Dental, respiratory, and orthopedic disease were prevalent. The incidence of several common diseases changed after the epidemic.
  • Original articles
    Prediction of epidemic trends of Ebola virus during regional armed conflicts based on the ARIMA model
    LU Shi-yang, LI Yin-hong, TIAN Yu-jie, CHEN Dan-tian, WANG Lei
    2023, 47(6): 417-421. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.004
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    Objective To explore the feasibility of the ARIMA model being used to predict the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Democratic Republic of the Congo （DRC）, and to assess the impact of armed conflicts on the spread of the epidemic so as to provide reference for disease prevention and control. Methods The data related to Ebola haemorrhagic fever in DRC was collected between September 2019 and February 2020. The derivative processing of fitting function was used to convert the data on daily newly confirmed cases and establish an ARIMA model to predict the number of confirmed cases and deaths and evaluate the accuracy of ARIMA model prediction. Results During the peak of cases , the best ARIMA model for the daily newly confirmed cases in North Kivu and Ituri provinces was ARIMA （3, 2, 2） and ARIMA （1, 2, 6）, for the predicted data was consistent with the fitting value. However, during armed conflicts, the predicted value by ARIMA, which excluded the impact of conflicts, was higher than the fitting result that took conflicts into consideration. Conclusion The fitting effect of the ARIMA model is better when used to predict the epidemic trends of the Ebola haemorrhagic fever in DRC if armed conflicts are not taken into account. Armed conflicts can reduce the number of daily newly confirmed cases. This model can assist the prediction and early warning of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and provide reference for epidemic control and proper allocation of health care resources.
  • Original articles
    Current usage of dietary supplements in foreign military forces
    LIU Yu-ming, LI Xu-xia, LÜ Chuan-lu, HU Ke-xin, QIU Shun-hai
    2023, 47(6): 422-426. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.005
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    Dietary supplements play an important role in nutrition and physiology. Special operating environments and high stress during military training or battles can compromise the physical strength and resistance of troops, impacting the combat effectiveness of the army. In order to keep soldiers physically healthy and improve their military operational ability, dietary supplements have been widely used in foreign armies. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the use of dietary supplements in foreign military forces, and discusses the existing problems in order to provide reference for the safe, rational and proper use of dietary supplements in China′s military troops.
  • Original articles
    Recent progress in rule of law in military health supervision
    JIN Lian-qun
    2023, 47(6): 427-430. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.006
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    By reviewing the legality and legal progress related to military health supervision, this paper summarizes the categories of laws in force concerning military health and recommends the three-stage development of rule of law in military health supervision. It is believed that rule of law in military health supervision is indispensable for the all-round running of the military by law. Rule of law in military health supervision requires that the framework of related departments and respective responsibilities of military health supervision institutions be clarified according to the latest systems of organization in the military. In the new mode for military health supervision, it is necessary to highlight the importance of supervision of infectious diseases, strengthen military occupational health supervision, and establish a comprehensive military health supervision system with infectious disease supervision as the pillar.
  • Original articles
    Construction of a replicative senescence model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and detection of lysosome function in senescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts
    ZHU Hai-zhen, YAO Cheng-cheng, ZHOU Tao, LI Ai-ling, PAN Xin
    2023, 47(6): 431-435. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.007
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    Objective To construct a replicative senescence model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) detect the functional changes related to aging lysosomes, and provide an effective cell model for aging-related lysosomal diseases. Methods MEFs were isolated using the enzyme digestion method, and continuously cultured to construct a replicative senescence model. The senescence-related genes p16 and p21 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR). Senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was used to find out more about the aging of MEFs. Acidic lysosomes were qualitatively detected with the LysoTracker Red DND-99 probe, and the pH value of lysosomes was quantitatively detected with the LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160 double excitation probe. The ability of aging lysosomes to degrade was detected with self-quenched BODIPY® dye conjugates of bovine serum albumin(DQ-BSA). Results qPCR and SA-β-Gal staining showed that a replicative senescence model of MEFs was constructed. Compared with the young MEFs, the acidity of lysosomes of senescent MEFs was significantly decreased (P<0.0001), so was the ability of the aging lysosomes to degrade(P<0.05). Conclusion A replicative senescence model of MEFs is constructed, the acidity of lysosomes of senescent MEFs is lost and the degradation ability is decreased.
  • Original articles
    CD200-regulated proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    SHU Meng, ZHANG Xia-ru, LIU Yuan-lin, LI Xue, WANG Yang, ZHANG Yi
    2023, 47(6): 436-442. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.008
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    Objective To investigate the effect of CD200 （OX-2） on the proliferation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells （hUC-MSCs）. Methods In vitro culture of hUC-MSCs was used to observe the cell morphology via Gimsa staining. The cell phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry, while the ability of the cells for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining and oil red O staining respectively. The expressions of key osteogenic and adipogenic transcription factors were measured by real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR）. CD200+hUC-MSCs and CD200-hUC-MSCs were sorted using the flow cytometric sorter, and the cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry to detect whether it was altered in both populations of cells. The expressions of cell cycle proteins P53, cyclin-dependent kinase 1（CDK1/CDC2） and CyclinB1 were also detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Results In vitro cultured hUC-MSCs conformed to the internationally certified MSC determination criteria in terms of morphology, cell phenotype and ability of induced differentiation. The expression of CD200 in CD200+hUC-MSCs was significantly higher than that in hUC-MSCs and CD200-hUC-MSCs by flow cytometry. Moreover, the proliferation capacity of CD200+hUC-MSCs was increased, the proportion of G2/M phase cells was decreased, and the expressions of CDC2 and CyclinB1 were increased （P<0.01）. Conclusion CD200 can promote the proliferation of hUC-MSCs.
  • Original articles
    Construction of a fusion gene based on Phragmatopoma californica and mussel adhesive proteins and its expression in insect cells
    AN Wen-zheng, FU Wen-liang, XING Wei-wei, ZHANG Chao, LIU Qing, CAI Gui-ling, XU Dong-gang
    2023, 47(6): 443-447. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.009
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    Objective To construct a fusion protein and realize its expression in insect cells so as to contribute to the development of new adhesive materials. Method Based on mussel foot proteins（Mfps） and cement precursor proteins of the Phragmatopoma californica（Pcs), the sequence of the fusion protein was designed, according to which the target gene was obtained through PCR amplification. The recombinant Bacmid DNA with the target gene was synthesized via pFastBacHBM vector mediated flat terminal cloning and DH10Bac mediated transposition. The baculovirus carrying the target gene was through the insect expression system. Then, the baculovirus was infected to the insect cells to obtain the soluble expression of fusion protein Pc1-Mfp5. Results The sequencing results indicated that the recombinant vector was constructed. The virus titer test showed that a high-titer baculovirus stock was obtained. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis indicated that the Pc1-Mfp5 fusion protein was solublely expressed in insect cells. Conclusion The fusion gene of pc1-mfp5 has been constructed, and the soluble expression of Pc1-Mfp5 fusion protein in insect systems has been made available, which can provide data for the development of new bionic adhesive materials.
  • Original articles
    Inhibition of filamin A promotes migration of prostate cancer C4-2 cells
    CHEN Xian-ying, HUANG Fang, LI Shan-hu, ZHENG Hong
    2023, 47(6): 448-453. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.010
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    Objective To investigate the effect of filamin A （FLNA） on migration of prostate cancer cells. Methods The shRNA knockdown plasmid pSIH-H1-shFLNA was designed and constructed. The lentivirus was packaged and infected with prostate cancer C4-2 cells to obtain a stable cell line C4-2-shFLNA with FLNA knockdown. The expressions of FLNA and PC-1 protein in prostate cancer C4-2 cells were detected by Western blotting. Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） was used to detect FLNA knockdown effect and PC-1 expression at the mRNA level. Western blotting was used to detect the effect of FLNA knockdown on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （AKT） signaling pathway. The migration ability of C4-2 cells in vitro was detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Results FLNA mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated in prostate cancer C4-2 cells, PC-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased after FLNA was knocked down, and the level of AKT phosphorylation was significantly increased. Wound healing assay and Transwell experiments confirmed that FLNA knockdown enhanced cell migration in prostate cancer C4-2. Conclusion Knockdown of FLNA can activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promotes the migration of prostate cancer cells.
  • Original articles
    Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of St.John′s wort extract on chronic complex stress mice
    ZHU Xue-feng, DU Li, CHENG Xiao-chen, LU Yu-xin, HE Dong-xiu, LAI Cheng-cai, GAO Yue, ZHANG Qing-lin
    2023, 47(6): 454-459. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.011
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    Objective To construct chronic complex stress mouse models that simulate complex operation environments and investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of St.John′s wort extract （SJW-E） on chronic complex stress mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 animals in each：control group, model group, sertraline-treated group （15 mg/kg）, and SJW-E-treated groups （25, 50, 100 mg/kg）. Except for the mice in the control group, all the other mice were subjected to chronic complex stress for 6 hours a day for 8 weeks. Firstly, mice were individually placed into a well-ventilated centrifuge tube, Next, the mice in bondage were placed in an oscillator with low-speed vibration. Meanwhile, they were exposed to noise and unnatural light. The mice in the control and the model group were intragastrically administered with saline, while the treatment groups with SJW-E or sertraline. Behavioral changes were tested by the tail suspension test （TST）, forced swimming test （FST）, open field test （OFT）, elevated plus maze tests （EPMT）and Morris water maze test（WMT）after 8 weeks. Pathological changes in hippocampal tissues of the brain of mice were observed using hematoxylin and eosin （H&E） staining. Results Compared with the model group, the immobility time of the mice in the SJW-E groups significantly decreased in the TST and the FST, while the time spent and traveled distance in the central square of the OFT and the time spent and number of entries in the open arms of the EPMT in the SJW-E groups were increase. The damage to hippocampal neurons was significantly improved after 8 weeks. Conclusions SJW-E can improve depression and anxiety symptoms induced by chronic complex stress.
  • Original articles
    Preparation and pharmacokinetics of meloxicam nanocrystal injection
    TIAN Yang, ZHANG Hui, ZHENG Ai-ping
    2023, 47(6): 460-464. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.012
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    Objective To explore the in vivo pharmacokinetics of meloxicam nanocrystals of different particle sizes in animals. Methods Meloxicam nanocrystals of different particle sizes were prepared via wet media milling, and the stability of particle size was monitored. The changes of crystal shape before and after milling were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis （XRPD）, and the pharmacokinetics of nanocrystals of different particle sizes in animals was studied. Results The prepared meloxicam nanocrystals maintained stable particle size at room temperature for 15 days, and there was no significant change in crystal shape before and after milling. The area under the plasma drug concentration curve （AUC0~24 h） of meloxicam nanocrystals with a particle size of 76（76.60±1.00） nm in rats was 1.2 times larger than that of meloxicam nanocrystals with a particle size of 360（363.87±10.50）nm. Conclusion The prepared meloxicam nanocrystals are stable in nature and the particle size has a significant effect on the in vivo bioavailability of the nanocrystal drug.
  • Original articles
    Sonographic characteristics and value of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastases
    BAI Ling, LI Zhao-yun, ZHANG Mao-shan, CHEN Cui-jing, PANG Yue
    2023, 47(6): 465-467. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.013
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    Objective To investigate the features of conventional ultrasonography, manifestations of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and the applicability of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy（USGB） in liver metastases of gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors（GEP-NENs）. Methods Fifty-three patients with liver metastases of GEP-NENs were examined by color doppler sonography and USGB, six of whom underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination, before the results were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 53 cases, 42 cases were from pancreas and the rest were from the gastrointestinal system. Primary foci and liver metastasis were simultaneously detected in 39 cases（73.6%）. The ultrasonic manifestations of liver metastasis of GEP-NENs were mostly multiple and uneven solid masses with high or low echo. The detection rate of blood flow signals of liver metastasis in the ≤3 cm group was significantly different from that of the > 3 cm group, and there were no significant differences in morphology, boundaries, echo and uniformity between the two groups. In contrast ultrasonography, the two groups showed high overall enhancement in the arterial phase and low enhancement in the portal vein phase and delay phase. The success rate of ultrasound-guided needle puncture was 100%, without serious complications, which can provide clear pathological diagnosis and histological grading. Conclusion The ultrasonographic findings of liver metastases in different sizes of GEP-NENs are not different, and blood flow signals are more easily detected in larger tumors. Ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy is simple, safe, accurate and minimally invasive.
    • Reviews
  • Reviews
    Research progress in biological damage effects of blast shock waves
    GAO Jun-hong, LI Liang, FAN Xiao-lin, WANG Hong
    2023, 47(6): 468-472. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.014
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    Explosion shock waves are one of the most important causes of biological damage. The damage to organisms and the determination of the grade of biological damage have been the focus of military medical research. The main targets of damage by blast shock waves are the ear, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract and other hollow organs. Such solid organs as the spleen and brain can also be damaged during exposure. In order to shed light on the relationship between blast shock waves and biological damage effect, this paper reviews the standards for damage of blast shock waves, evaluation methods of biological damage, the damage effect of shock waves on organisms and the relationship between shock waves and some organ damage.
  • Reviews
    Research progress in biological effects of terahertz waves radiation
    YAN Dong-fei, DONG Guo-fu, WANG Chang-zhen
    2023, 47(6): 473-476. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.015
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    In recent years, the technology of terahertz has developed rapidly, and has been more widely used in basic research and application of biomedicine. These studies cover all levels of organisms that range from biological macromolecules to cells, tissues, organs and even biological individuals, but the research into the biological effects of terahertz still leaves much space for development. This paper reviews recent advances in the field of biological effects of THz radiation at the levels of individual organisms, tissue cells and molecules in order to provide reference for the establishment of safety standards for terahertz radiation and for the study of biological effects of terahertz radiation in the future.
  • Reviews
    Applicability of intraosseous infusion in combat trauma resuscitation
    MENG Wen-wen, DAI Yun-ting, ZHANG Lin, GAI Dian-rong, ZHENG Wei
    2023, 47(6): 477-480. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.06.016
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    Trauma is the main cause of death and disability on the battlefield, and traumatic hemorrhage is the main cause of potentially preventable death. As an alternative way of peripheral intravenous infusion, intraosseous infusion is increasingly used in battlefield trauma resuscitation, and playing a positive role. With the continuous updating of Tactical Combat Casualty Care （TCCC）, and the practice and research of combat injury treatment, ways to use intraosseous infusion in the resuscitation of battlefield trauma patients are becoming more specific. This paper summarizes the applications of intraosseous infusion in battlefield trauma resuscitation in order to provide reference for the application of this technology in the treatment of war injuries in China.
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