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  • Original articles
    Multidimensional knowledge map analysis of Military Medicine
    YANG Jing-yi, ZHOU Zheng-yi, WANG Jing-yi, MA Qiang, XIAO Zhong-hai, LI Zhe
    2023, 47(4): 241-247. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To construct a knowledge map based on the literature published in Military Medicine in 1995-2021 using 3 visual analysis methods so as to keep track of the development of U.S. military medicine. Methods From the Web of Science Core Collection, a total of 8328 articles published in Military Medicine between 1995 and 2021 were retrieved before Bibliometrix, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to create a knowledge map of the main areas of research, hotspots and evolution of these articles. Results The number of articles published in Military Medicine journals increased year by year, with a leapfrog increase in 2019-2021. The most prominent contributors were research institutions of military medicine such as Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, and Brooke Army Medical Center. The priorities of research included mental health, exercise physiology, trauma treatment and other directions closely related to military health maintenance and to the maintenance and improvement of military health and performance. Conclusion Construction of a knowledge map of Military Medicine can facilitate intuitive, efficient and comprehensive analysis of its developments, and provide reference for keeping track of the development of U.S. military medicine.
  • Original articles
    Developments and hotspots of military psychology research in China
    QIU Rui, SONG Yong-hui, GUO Zhi-hua, ZHU Xia
    2023, 47(4): 248-253. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To summarize the developments, priorities and hotspots of research on military psychology in China in order to facilitate research in the future. Methods Taking the related papers included in the CNKI database as the target of research and using bibliometric and content analysis methods, this paper describes the developments and hotspots of China's military psychology research. Results Military psychology research in China can be divided into three stages： birth, fast growth, and stable development. The annual number of published papers increased before falling, and the relationship between publishers is relatively close. Conclusion China's military psychology research shows a series of characteristics. It is highly applicable, prospective, timely and scientific, which provides theoretical support and psychological support for winning modern wars.
  • Original articles
    Construction of an early warning index system for stress fractures in military personnel
    LI Gao-ming, YU Kuan, WEI Xian-yu, LI Ya-nan, SUN Meng-qi, LI Xiao-qian, ZHANG Li, WANG Ai-yuan, DONG Hong-bin, SUN Hai-long
    2023, 47(4): 254-258. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.003
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    Objective To determine the weight of each index in the early warning index system of stress fractures for military personnel to provide data for the prevention and treatment of stress fractures. Methods On the basis of previous research and combined with literature analysis,a consultation form for early warning indicators of stress fractures of military personnel was designed before 20 experts in orthopedics,sports medicine,physical training and preventive medicine were selected for two rounds of Delphi expert consultation. The Kendall's harmony coefficient was used to evaluate the consistency of the results,and the percentage weight method was used to determine the weight of each index to establish the early warning index system for stress fractures. Results The positive coefficients of the 2 rounds of expert consultation were 100.00% and 88.24%,respectively, the expert authority coefficient was 0.90,and the coordination coefficient test results of the first-level and second-level indexes were both significant （P<; 0.05）. This early warning index system for stress fractures included 5 level Ⅰ indexes and 25 level Ⅱ indexes. The level Ⅰ index with the highest weight was "factors and conditions for organizational training (21.87%)". The top three level Ⅱ indexes were "organization and implementation of training (6.16%)","training environment (5.44%)" and "abnormal arches （5.35%）". Conclusion The early warning index system of stress fractures of military personnel is relatively well-grounded and feasible,which is of great significance for reducing the occurrence of military training injuries and guiding the development of military training.
  • Original articles
    Effects of fatigue and emotional state on sleep quality and correlations between sleep quality and alertness in soldiers
    SHI Tong, FU Zhen-huan, WANG Ru-zhou, ZENG Jia-min, LI Ting, LI Hai-bo, HAN Xiao-xian, AN Gai-hong, MA Qiang
    2023, 47(4): 259-263. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.004
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    Objective To explore the effects of different types of fatigue and negative emotion factors on sleep quality and to analyze the correlations between sleep quality and alertness so as to provide data for improving sleep quality and cognitive ability of soldiers. Methods A total of 142 male soldiers were selected. Levels of fatigue, emotional state, sleep quality and alertness were measured using the Fatigue Symptom Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist?90 （SCL-90）, Pitts?burgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） and Psychomotor Vigilance Task （PVT） respectively. Results The PSQI score of these soldiers was 5.16±2.66, which was significantly higher than the norm for adults （P＜0.01） but lower than the norm for soldiers stationed on the plateau and along frontiers （P<0.05）. Soldiers with a PSQI≥7 were considered to suffer from sleep disorders, accounting for 31% of the soldiers tested. The total scores of fatigue， SCI?90 and PSQI were positively correlated （r=0.40, P<0.01;r=0.48, P＜0.01）, and psychosensory symptoms were positively correlated with daytime dysfunction （r=0.54, P＜0.01）. When the sleep disorder group was compared with the good sleep group， there were significant differences in each dimension of fatigue and sub?factor of emotion （P＜0.05）. The total score of fatigue （B=0.03， P=0.023） and that of SCL?90 （B=0.07， P=0.015） were the primary determinants of sleep quality. The total score of PSQl （B=0.01， P＜0.01）, which was an influencing factor of alertness, was positively correlated with the mean reaction time of PVT （r=0.55，P＜0.01）. Conclusion Compared with ordinary adults, the soldiers take a much longer time to fall asleep, which is likely to lead to serious sleep problems, such as a significant decline in subjective sleep quality, sleep time and sleep efficiency. The cumulative effect of various types of fatigue, negative emotions, and the synergy between fatigue and emotions can impact sleep quality. Targeted measures can be taken to improve sleep based on the cumulative effect and synergy among various factors. Regulation of sleep is critical to posts which require high alertness. Sleeping longer before tasks, naps between tasks, and active adjust after tasks can help maintain alertness.
  • Original articles
    Characteristics and standards of thyroid glial cysts during medical selection for recruitment
    ZHAO Guo-zheng, LI Li, FAN Xiao-yan, AN Ping, ZHU Liang, CHEN Xiao, SUN An, LIU Shu-ping
    2023, 47(4): 264-267. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To summarize the results of thyroid ultrasound examination during medical selection of military pilot cadets in 2022, and to provide data for revision of related standards. Methods The thyroid ultrasound examination results of 2368 candidates in 2022 and 4235 outpatients treated between March 2021 and March 2022 were collected. The detection rates of thyroid glial cysts in different areas and different age groups were statistically analyzed. Results ①There was no significant difference in the detection rate and the number of thyroid glial cysts between zone A and zone B. ②There was no significant difference in the detection rate and the number of thyroid glial cysts between the candidates and the outpatients in the same age group. ③There was a linear relationship between age, the detection rate and the number of thyroid glial cysts. The detection rate of thyroid glial cysts decreased with age, while the proportion of single thyroid glial cysts increased. ④The seven items of thyroid function were normal in groups with the number of thyroid glial cysts ≤; 10 and >; 10, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Thyroid glial cysts do not affect thyroid function, which will gradually decrease or even disappear with age. It is recommended that thyroid glial cysts be excluded as a factor for disqualification during medical selection of military pilot cadets.
  • Original articles
    Damage of acute soman exposure to liver mitochondria in rats
    JIN Qian, CUI Ya-lan, SHI Meng, ZHANG Yi, ZHU Si-qing, SHI Jing-jing, CHEN Xue-jun, LI Li-qin
    2023, 47(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.006
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    Objective To investigate the liver injury induced by acute exposure to soman in rats and the hepatotoxic mechanism in order to provide data for the development of antitoxic drugs. Methods Twenty SPF grade male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group （6 rats） and soman-exposed group （14 rats）. Rats in the soman-exposed group were subcutaneously injected with 98 μg/kg （1×LD50） while those in the control group were subcutaneously injected with an equal volume of normal saline. After 30 minutes' exposure to soman,six surviving soman-exposed rats and six control rats were decapitated and their livers were dissected for analysis. The morphological damage to liver mitochondria was detected under a transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The activity of acetylcholinesterase （AChE） and the level of acetylcholine （ACh） in liver tissue of each group were detected by colorimetry. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）, lipid peroxide （LPO） and the levels of glutathione （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） in liver tissue were detected by biochemical assay kits. A real-time high-resolution respirometry system （Oxygraph-2k） was used to detect the oxygen consumption associated with mitochondrial respiratory function in rat livers. Results After 30 minutes' exposure to soman,AChE activity decreased significantly, while the level of ACh increased significantly in liver tissue. Mitochondria of rat livers swelled, chromatin decreased, the ridges disappeared, and glycogen was accumulated around the nucleus. The levels of LPO, MDA and GSSG in rat livers increased significantly, but the level of GSH decreased. The results of mitochondrial respiratory function showed that basal respiration, ATP production and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption of livers of soman-exposed rats decreased significantly. Meanwhile, soman reduced the activities of mitochondrial complexes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ+Ⅱ. Conclusion Acute soman exposure in rats can cause liver mitochondria to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the process of biological oxidation and energy conversion, and oxidative stress occurs in mitochondria, leading to the imbalance of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which is manifested as impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, interfering with mitochondrial respiratory chains, inhibiting ATP synthesis, and finally inducing liver cell damage.
  • Original articles
    Efficacy of RH005 against radiation induced interstitial pneumonia in mice
    FANG Xian-lei, YE Yu-meng, WU Peng, LI Yue-min, LI Yang
    2023, 47(4): 273-276. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.007
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    Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of RH005 against radiation induced interstitial pneumonia in mice. Methods Seventy-five male SPF C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the control group, irradiation group and RH005 group. A radiation induced interstitial pneumonia model was established by 20 Gy X-ray in single irradiation on the whole chest at a dose rate of 400 mu/min. Mice in the RH005 group were intraperitoneally injected with RH005 24 hours after irradiation, once a day, for 30 days. Mice in the control group and irradiation group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. The therapeutic effect of RH005 against radiation induced interstitial pneumonia in mice was evaluated via detection of lung function, pathological observation of lung tissue, quantitative analysis of alveolar space areas, and via immunohistochemical detection of TNF-α and TGF-β in lung tissue one month after irradiation. Results 20 Gy X-ray irradiation on the whole chest caused radiation interstitial pneumonia in mice, as was evidenced by a significant decrease of peak inspiration, peak expiration and ventilation per minute, infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduction of alveolar cavity areas, and an increase of TNF-α and TGF-β in lung tissue of mice in the irradiation group one month after irradiation. RH005 effectively increased peak inspiration, peak expiration and ventilation per minute, but the inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue was significantly reduced by RH005, thus increasing the alveolar cavity area. Besides, the expressions of TNF-α and TGF-β in lung tissue were markedly reduced by RH005. Conclusion RH005 can alleviate radiation interstitial pneumonia in mice.
  • Original articles
    Optimization and simulation for energy response of LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence dosimeter
    XU Xu, ZHANG Xiao-min, NING Jing, YUAN Yong, XIE Xiang-dong
    2023, 47(4): 277-281. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.008
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    Objective To optimize the energy response curve of the the LiF：Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence dosimeter （TLD） and improve the measurement accuracy of the TLD. Methods The Monte Carlo method was used to investigate the effect of energy filters on the energy response of the TLD. The energy deposition in the TLD for energy of 20-50 keV was reduced by setting an energy filter in front of the TLD. The energy deposition in the TLD for energy of <; 20 keV was increased by setting a backscatter foil behind the TLD. Results The energy response curve of the TLD was optimized by a 0.6 mm thick 304 stainless steel sheet with hole placed in front of the TLD and a 10 mm thick beryllium sheet behind the TLD. The detection threshold of the TLD was ≤; 1.31×; 10-4 mGy, and the directional difference was <; 7%. Conclusion The energy response curve of the TLD can be effectively optimized by energy filters and the measurement accuracy of the TLD can be improved.
  • Original articles
    Deubiquitinase OTUD3 regulates protein stability of PTEN tumor-associated mutants
    ZHAI Wen-jing, YUAN Lin, LI Hong-chang, CUI Chun-ping, ZHANG Ling-qiang
    2023, 47(4): 282-288. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.009
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    Objective To explore the ability of deubiquitinase OTUD3（OTU domain-containing protein 3）to regulate the stability of PTEN tumor-associated mutants in breast cancer. Methods Fifty samples of breast cancer were collected and RNA was extracted from cancer and adjacent tissues before reverse transcription and PCR amplification of PTEN C2 domain was performed. Sequencing analysis was performed to identify tumor-associated mutations in the PTEN C2 domain of breast cancer. In combination with the mutation information about the PTEN genes in the database, the coding sequence of the PTEN mutants was amplified and inserted into the mammalian expression vector pCMV-Myc to construct a plasmid vector containing the tumor-related mutant genes of the PTEN C2 domain. MCF-7 cells were co-transfected with the plasmid vectors containing the PTEN point mutantortruncated gene and plasmid vectors containing the OTUD3 gene, respectively. The ability of PTEN mutants to bind to OTUD3, the ability of OTUD3 to maintain the protein stability of some PTEN mutants, and the ability of OTUD3 to deubiquitinate some PTEN mutants were detected by Co-Immunoprecipitation, half life,ubiquitination and Western blotting, respectively. Results Three mutations in the PTEN C2 domain were identified from 50 cases of breast cancer, namely I224M, E307K and F341V, among which F341V was the first PTEN mutant identified in this study in cases of breast cancer. △M199, F341V and 1-319 lost the ability to bind to OTUD3, thus losing the stabilizing effect of OTUD3 on it. Conclusion In breast cancer, some mutants of PTEN lose the ability to bind to OTUD3 and cannot be deubiquitinated, resulting in reduced protein stability.
  • Original articles
    Characteristics and mechanisms of renal hypothermia injury in rats
    DOU Jian-Ping, WANG Ning, LIU Li-li, LI Jun
    2023, 47(4): 289-292. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.010
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    Objective To observe the characteristics of changes of renal structure, function and apoptosis in rats under different hypothermic conditions. Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into three groups： the control group（group C）,mild hypothermia group（group MH）and severe hypothermia group（group SH）（n=8 each）. The animal body temperature was reduced to the target one using a low-temperature water chamber and was maintained for about 60 minutes. Twelve hours later, blood serum was separated from the venous blood of animals in each group to assay the indicators of renal function, including serum creatinine （Cr）, blood urea nitrogen （BUN）, and uric acid （UA）. Periodic acid schiff （PAS） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of kidney injury,while terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining was used to observe the cell apoptosis of renal tubules and glomeruli. Results The serum UA level was significantly increased in rats of group MH at 12 hours after operation compared with the control group,while concentrations of serum Cr,BUN and UA were markedly increased in rats of group SH,there were statistically significant differences（P<; 0.001）. PAS staining showed that mild hypothermia could lead to renal tubular injury and disorder of epithelial cells, especially in group SH. TUNEL staining showed that renal tubular cell apoptosis was significantly aggravated in rats with severe hypothermia. Conclusion Severe hypothermia can aggravate renal dysfunction, structural damage and apoptosis of the kidney.
  • Original articles
    Detection of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in food by multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR
    DONG De-rong, BAI Miao, BAI Yu-chao, LIANG Sheng-nan, ZHANG Can, ZHANG Chuan-fu
    2023, 47(4): 293-296. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.011
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    Objective To establish a multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR technology for simultaneous detection of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Using the specific primers and probes of Salmonella invA virulence gene, Vibrio parahaemolyticus gyrase gene, and Staphylococcus aureus Sa442 gene, a multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR reaction assay was established, with which specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. The detection results using this method and the national standard method for forty reserved food samples were compared. Results Each pair of primers and probes amplified the target sequence. The three detection channels did not encounter cross-interference. There was no amplification signal for non-target bacteria. All the detection limits of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus nucleic acid reached 102 copies/µl. Of the forty food samples, three tested Staphylococcus aureus positive by multiplex quantitative PCR assay, one negative by the national standard method. The test results for other samples were completely consistent. Conclusion A multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR method for Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus has been established, with a fine specificity and sensitivity, which can provide technical support for food safety.
  • Original articles
    A novel method for PCR primer design for the detection of highly variable bacteria
    HU Dong-zheng, QU Wu-bin, ZHENG Xiang-wen, TONG Fan, LI Jiang-yu, ZHAO Dong-sheng
    2023, 47(4): 297-301. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.012
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    Objective To establish a novel primer design method to improve the specificity and sensitivity of primers for the detection of highly variable bacteria. Methods Genes in literature were annotated via the gene named entity recognition technology, and a knowledge base of highly variable bacterial conserved genes was constructed to guide primer design. MAFFT, Clustal Omega, Gblocks, Primer3 and MFEprimer3.0 were used to perform multiple sequence alignment, primer design, primer evaluation and iterative design of single repeat primers. The improved indexing algorithm and parallel computing were used to achieve high-performance specificity detection. Finally, multiple primers were obtained by combining single repeat primers using the greedy algorithm. Results Primers were designed for five highly variable bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella. In comparison, the single primers designed using our method were more specific and sensitive than primers in literature for detecting the same conserved gene. The multiple primers designed for each bacterium had strong specificity, and the coverage rate of Escherichia coli primers was 93.14% in terms of sensitivity, and the coverage rate of other bacterial primers was more than 99%. Conclusion This method can be applied to the design of PCR primers for the detection of highly variable bacteria.
    • Reviews
  • Reviews
    Research progress in determination of activities of biological products by luciferase reporter gene assay
    JIA Xiao-fei, LIANG Ming-zheng, TANG Xiao-chuang, MA Su-yong, MA Shan-shan
    2023, 47(4): 302-306. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Biological activity is a key quality attribute that highlights the effectiveness of biologics drugs. Luciferase reporter gene assay uses the reporter gene expression to show the biological activity of drugs. Being highly efficient and user-friendly, this approach has been recognized by drug regulatory agencies. This paper outlines the technical principles, key elements, classification and characteristics of luciferase reporter gene assay, and summarizes its applications in the determination of biological activities of biologics drugs such as growth factors, hormones and antibodies. It is expected to provide reference for researchers in the field of biologics drugs.
  • Reviews
    Effect of peripherally derived macrophages on cognition
    GAO Zhen-fang, HAN Gen-cheng
    2023, 47(4): 307-315. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.014
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    The role of peripherally-derived macrophages in the central nervous system（CNS） is unclear. It is generally believed that due to the presence of the blood brain barrier （BBB）, the ability of peripheral macrophages to enter the brain parenchyma is limited. However, in case of CNS injury or infection and chronic neuroinflammation, macrophages derived from the periphery can also infiltrate into the brain parenchyma to play a variety of regulatory roles. The effect of macrophages on cognition is generally considered to be due to the reshaping of the activity of macrophages by the inflammatory environment. This review summarizes the environments and potential mechanisms by which macrophages affect cognition.
  • Reviews
    Research progress in drugs that inhibit ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases
    WANG Yi-qi, BAI Yu-ting, SU Xiao-ling
    2023, 47(4): 316-320. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2023.04.015
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    Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death, which is iron-dependent and marked by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen clusters. Ferroptosis is involved in many pathological processes, which is not only closely related to the development of tumors, senile diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic diseases, but also involved in heart failure, cardiomyopathy, coronary atherosclerosis and other diseases. This article reviews the various pathological mechanisms of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases, and describes the effects of various drugs on ferroptosis in order to advance our understanding of ferroptosis as a new target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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