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  • Original articles
    Protection for military personnel in foreign countries
    ZOU Yingxin, SANG Wenjuan, MA Li, CHEN Wei
    2024, 48(5): 321-324. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.001
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    The special operational environment of the military is likely to cause sunburn among troops. Through literature review and retrieval of information, the current methods for sunburn protection and support capacity of foreign armies were surveyed, involving ideas about of protection, major concerns and advantages so as to provide reference for generating and improving the ability of China’s military to protect against sunburn. Foreign armies have attached importance to sunburn protection in special operating environments. China is to learn from the experience of foreign countries, make the troops better-informed of sunburn protection, improve the accessibility of the ready-made products for sunburn protection among the troops, and promote the research and development of sunscreen equipment and preparations for troops operating in extreme special environments.
  • Original articles
    Effects of hydrogel loaded with gene-modified stem cell exosomes on radioactive skin injury
    REN Boyuan, LI Qiang, JIN Jiayan, WANG Yichen, DING Hongfan, JIN Jide
    2024, 48(5): 325-333. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.002
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    Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of poloxamer hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells genetically modified with human hepatocyte growth factor against radiation skin injuries. Methods Human dental pulp stem cells derived exosomes （DPSC-Exo） and hepatocyte growth factor modified DPSC-Exo （HGF-DPSC-Exo） were extracted via ultracentrifugation separation, identified in terms of particle size and morphology, and analyzed separately by means of nanoparticle tracking analysis and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, while exosome marker proteins were determined by Western blot. Then, the effect of exosomes on radiation-damaged skin cells was assessed. The poloxamer hydrogel was prepared and its safety was evaluated with CCK-8. A mouse model of injury combined with radiation injury was established, and the therapeutic effect of hydrogel loaded with exosomes was determined based on wound size, HE and Masson staining. Furthermore, the underlining therapeutic mechanism was explored with Tunnel assay, malondialdehyde content and peroxidase activity. Results The diameter exosomes ranged from 30 to 150 nm and their morphology was a disc-shaped vesicle under SEM. Moreover, CD9, CD63 and TSG101 were expressed. The results of cellular experiments showed that exosomes significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of radiation-damaged skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and reduced their apoptosis. HGF modification enhanced the healing effect of exosomes. Poloxamer hydrogel showed good temperature-sensitive properties and biocompatibility. The results of animal experiments showed that exosomes significantly accelerated the healing of radiation-combined injuries in mice, inhibited inflammatory infiltration and mitigated collagen deposition in the wound. Interestingly, the healing effect in the group treated with hydrogel loaded with exosomes was the best. The underlining mechanism was possibly related to promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Conclusion A novel poloxamer hydrogel loaded HGF-DPSC-Exo has been prepared and its therapeutic effect against radiation combined injury has been proved, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of radiation skin injury in clinic.
  • Original articles
    Dapansutrile（OLT1177） alleviates acute radiation-induced lung injury
    CI Weihao, LI Yating, XU Litao, CHEN Chen, YANG Xiaoming, REN Guangming
    2024, 48(5): 334-339. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.03
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    Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor-dapansutrile （OLT1177）-against acute radiation lung injury. Methods Mice were divided into the control group, OLT1177 injection group, irradiation group, and irradiation + OLT1177 injection group. A single dose of 22 Gy whole-lung 60Co radiation was used to establish a model of acute radiation lung injury. After 6 h of radiation, OLT1177 （100 mg/kg, once daily） was administered intraperitoneally. After 14 consecutive days of administration, lung tissues were collected and weighed while the lung coefficient was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the pathological changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Real-time quantitative PCR （qPCR） was used to detect the transcription levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, and other mRNAs in lung tissues. Serum cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by cytometric bead array（CBA）. The activation of Caspase-1 and IL-18 was detected by Western blotting. Results Radiation caused acute inflammation in the lung tissues of mice, manifested as edema in the lung tissues and destruction of the alveolar structure, increased macrophage infiltration, and elevated expressions of inflammatory genes NLRP3, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the lung tissues and higher serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6. Treatment with OLT1177 significantly improved the above symptoms induced by radiation. OLT1177 inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome downstream Caspase-1 and IL-18 induced by radiation. Conclusion OLT1177 can significantly alleviate acute radiation lung injury in mice, which may be due to its inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by radiation.
  • Original articles
    Applicability of ratio of white blood cell-to-platelet counts in early screening for radiation-induced thymic lymphoma in mice
    MENG Ruoxi, OUYANG Zhangyi, SHAN Yajun, LIU Xinyu, CHEN Yang, WANG Limei, CONG Yuwen
    2024, 48(5): 340-346. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.004
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    Objective To evaluate the ability of the ratio of peripheral blood white blood cell （WBC） counts to platelet counts to predict the onset of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma （TL） in a mouse model. Methods Mice were subjected to fractionated total-body irradiation （TBI） to established a TL model before the changes of the WBC-to-platelet ratio during the development and progression of TL were investigated. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into the normal （non-irradiation） group and radiation exposure group that was subjected to 1.8 Gy TBI once weekly for four consecutive weeks. The survival and TL-incidence of those two groups were compared within 370 days of TBI. Histomorphology and hematoxylin & eosin （H&E） staining of the thymus were used for definite diagnosis of TL while flow cytometry was adopted to detect the frequency changes of T cells in the thymus, bone marrow and spleen. Peripheral blood （PB） cell counts were measured to analyze the changes of peripheral hemogram during TL pathogenesis. Results No mice in the normal group were diagnosed with TL while 83% of the irradiated mic suffered from TL within 370 days of fractionated TBI （P<; 0.0001）. Using histopathologic technology, medium-sized tumor cells were observed in the thymus of irradiated mice diagnosed with TL. Cytometric analysis showed decreased frequencies of CD4 mono-positive cells and increased frequencies of CD8 mono-positive cells in the thymus, bone marrow and spleen of mice diagnosed with TL. PB analysis displayed a significant increase in the WBC-to-platelet ratio one week prior to the TL-caused death in the irradiated mice （P<; 0.01）. Conclusion Elevation of the peripheral blood WBC-to-platelet ratio can help predict the onset of IR-induced TL of mice.
  • Original articles
    Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis and affects MAPK/ERK1,2 signaling pathway
    HU Hui, WANG Xue, WU Yuhan, DONG Huafeng, ZHANG Ling, WEI Aijun, XIE Fang, ZHAO yun, SUN Zhaowei, QIAN Lingjia
    2024, 48(5): 347-354. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.005
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    Objective To investigate the effect of MALAT1 expressions on cell proliferation and apoptosis in astrocytes by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK1,2）pathway. Methods The MALAT1 gene was knocked down and over-expressed in C8-D1A cells by lentiviral and plasmid vectors, respectively.The expressions of MALAT1, cell proliferation-related markers （Ki67, MCM2, PCNA） and apoptosis-related proteins （Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2） were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qPCR）. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used for cell proliferation and apoptosis in C8-D1A cells. Immunofluorescence was adopted to detect the protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Ki67. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2,ERK1/2,p-ERK1/2,p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK. Results Compared with the control group, over-expressed MALAT1 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in C8-D1A cells while the knockdown of MALAT1 significantly enhanced cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic ability in C8-D1A cells.The proportion of C8-D1A cells in G0/G1-phase and G2/M-phase was higher than in the control group as evidenced by flow cytometry, but was lower in S-phase. Meanwhile, data showed that Caspase-3 was increased while p-ERK1/2 was decreased in terms of protein levels. The mRNA expressions of Ki67 and PCNA were decreased. After knockdown of MALAT1, the proportion of C8-D1A cells in S-phase was higher, but was lower in G2/M-phase. The protein expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax decreased while those of p-ERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK increased. The mRNA expressions of Ki67, MCM2 and PCNA were increased. The differences were all statistically significant （P<; 0.05）. Conclusion MALAT1 promotes astrocyte apoptosis and inhibits proliferation by regulating the MAPK/ERK1,2 signaling pathway.
  • Original articles
    Regulation mechanism of bromodomain-containing protein 2 for antitumor immunity
    ZHANG Cheng, LI Yuanyuan, LI Ailing, MAN Jianghong
    2024, 48(5): 355-361. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.006
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    Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of bromodomain-containing protein 2 （BRD2） on regulation of antitumor immunity, and to explore a novel target for immunotherapy. Methods The REMBRANDT glioma database and GlioVis and TIMER websites were used to compare the expression levels of BRD2 in tumor tissues and normal ones. The correlations between BRD2 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme （GBM） and those between BRD2 expression levels and immune cell infiltration in GBM were studied. The interference plasmid targeting the BRD2 gene was constructed. The lentivirus was packaged and used to infect murine glioma cells GL261. The positive cells were screened with blasticidin for 6 days, and the expression level of BRD2 protein was detected by Western blot. The CellTiter-Glo kit was used to detect the cell viability of GL261 cells after BRD2 knockdown, which were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of C57BL/6J mice to form subcutaneous tumors. The tumor volume was measured periodically.Twenty-eight days after tumor inoculation, the tumors were removed and tumor cells isolated. The infiltration of CD8+T cells within the subcutaneous tumor tissue was analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results BRD2 was highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. The prognosis of glioma patients with high BRD2 expressions was poor, and the BRD2 expression level was negatively correlated with CD8+T cell infiltration in the tumor. The growth rate of subcutaneously transplanted GL261 tumor cells after BRD2 knockdown was decelerated, and the infiltration level of CD8+T cells in subcutaneous tumor tissue was increased. Conclusion BRD2 over-expression inhibits the infiltration of CD8+T cells in GBM tumors and promotes the growth of tumors.
  • Original articles
    Deficiency of cathepsin B suppresses Brucella intracellular infection
    LU Jingjing, XU Heling, ZHANG Qi, HUANG Fang, LI Shanhu
    2024, 48(5): 362-368. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.007
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    Objective To investigate the role of cathepsin B （CTSB） inhuman cervical cancer HeLa cellswith Brucella infections. Methods The ctsb knockout （KO） HeLa cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The effects of ctsbKO on cell proliferation and survival of intracellular bacteria in case of Brucella infection were detected by CCK-8 assay and intracellular bacteria count while the molecular mechanism of ctsb regulation on Brucella infection was revealed by Western blotting. Results The ctsbKO cell line was constructed. CCK-8 results showed that KO of ctsb had no impact on cell proliferationwith or without Brucella infection. The results of intracellular bacteria count showed a significant decrease in intracellular Brucella four days after infection in the KO cell line.Western blotting assay suggested that the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were significantly down-regulated in the KO cell line with long-term Brucella infection. Conclusion KO of ctsb inhibits the intracellular survival of Brucella in long-term infections, providing a potential target for the treatment of chronic brucellosis.
  • Original articles
    Properties and antibacterial activity of novel self-assembled antibacterial peptide CR-16
    CUI Yanan, ZOU Pengfei, GONG Wei, WANG Yuli, GAO Chunsheng, YANG Yang, YANG Meiyan
    2024, 48(5): 369-375. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.008
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    Objective To study the properties and antimicrobial activity of the novel self-assembled antimicrobial peptide （AMP） CR-16, and to provide experimental evidence for the treatment of bacterial infections. Methods CR-16 was designed and synthesized based on the structure of antimicrobial peptides BuforinⅡ and LfcinB. Dynamic light scattering （DLS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to characterize CR-16. Based on the results of critical micelle concentration （CMC）, the self-assembled properties of CR-16 were investigated using atomic force microscopy （AFM） and circular dichroism （CD）. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） was used to study the inhibitory effect of CR-16 while transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was adopted to observe the interactions between CR-16 and the outer membrane of bacteria. Results AMP CR-16 was prepared as self-assemblies, which were regularly spherical in shape and stable in activity. CR-16 could inhibit both the growth of Escherichia coli and, more importantly, the growth of NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, promising good prospects in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conclusion CR-16 can be self-assembled and deliver antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli.
  • Original articles
    Effect of light on stability of colchicine and screening of photostabilizers
    YANG Guobao, DONG Jing, GONG Wei, YANG Meiyan, GAO Chunsheng, WANG Yuli, YANG Yang
    2024, 48(5): 376-381. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.009
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    Objective To enhance the photostability of colchicine（COL）for sustained-release COL pellets. Methods The degradation was investigated by studying the photochemical degradation kinetics of COL. The impact of such physical properties of the photostabilizers as the type, color, dosage, and position on the photostability of COL in sustained-release pellets was also evaluated. Results The contents of photochemical degradation products did not increase after 10 days of light exposure to sustained-release COL pellets with red iron oxide of 4% (w/w) as the protective layer. Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that use of iron oxide as a photostabilizer in sustained-release COL pellets can significantly reduce the photochemical degradation of COL in the pellets.
  • Original articles
    Roles of pharmacodynamic substances of QiangliDingxuan tablets in vasodilation based on spectrum-effect relationships
    YAN Ping, WANG Maoning, ZHU Junyi, FANG Pan, ZHANG Hang, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Han
    2024, 48(5): 382-388. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.010
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    Objective To establish the fingerprints of QiangliDingxuan tablets （QLDX）, determine their pharmacodynamic indexes of vasodilation and study the spectrum-effect relationships between the chemical components of QLDX and the property of vasodilation. Methods The rate of vascular relaxation was used as an index to evaluate the extent to which QLDX relaxed isolated superior mesenteric artery ring. The Grey correlation degree and partial least square regression（PLSR）were used to analyze “spectrum-effect” correlations before components with greater contribution to drug efficacy were screened out. Results There were 21 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint of QLDX, and the similarity exceeded 0.88. A comparison with the chromatogram of the reference substance revealed 14 characteristic peaks. Vasodilative experiments showed that all the 10 batches of samples had vasodilatory effects. The correlation between the 21 chromatographic peaks was greater than 0.73. PLSR showed that 11 components were positively correlated with the vasodilatory effect. Six known compounds included parishin A, parishin C,5-hydroxymethylfurfural, luteolin, Linarin and ligustrazine. Conclusion The vasodilatory effect of QLDX results from the combined action of multiple components. Parishin A, parishin C, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, luteolin, Linarin and ligustrazine are positively correlated with this effect, which may be the main pharmacodynamic substance basis of vascular relaxation.
  • Original articles
    A rapid detection method for multiple serotypes of Salmonella based on multiplex nanopore sequencing
    WANG Dongshuai, SHI Danyang, LI Junwen, JIN Min
    2024, 48(5): 389-394. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.011
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    Objective To develop a localized Salmonella serotyping method based on multiplex nanopore sequencing technology, and evaluate the impact of serotype quantity and sequencing time on the serotyping results, aiming to provide a method for simultaneous rapid serotyping of various Salmonella serotypes. Methods Initially, a multiplex sequencing method was established by using nanopore sequencing technology. Subsequently,a localized Salmonella serotyping workflow was developed based on the coregenome MLST database of Salmonella. Finally, the effects of serotype quantity and sequencing time on serotyping results were evaluated. Results The established method for serotyping various Salmonella serotypes achieved an accuracy and specificity of 100%, with the ability to accurately serotyping at least 6 Salmonella serotypes within 2 hours. Conclusion The multiplex nanopore sequencing method enables rapid serotyping of multiple Salmonella serotypes simultaneously, significantly improving the identification efficiency of Salmonella serotypes and providing robust support for the rapid serotyping of Salmonella serotypes in environmental water samples.
    • Review
  • Review
    Research progress in chronic fatigue syndrome during long-distance voyages in Navy
    BAN Chunli, JIANG Beier, WANG Ruoxi, XIANG Yu-jie, HE Ying
    2024, 48(5): 395-400. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2024.05.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS） is a chronic, multi-system disease manifested as prolonged fatigue and often accompanied by somatization symptoms that include muscle pain and sleep disorders, which is why CFS impacts patients’ life and health. However, the etiology of CFS remains unknown. There is no specific treatment as well. Treatments currently available mostly use specific medicines to treat specific symptoms or assist clinicians by such means as cognitive-behavioral therapies or nutritional support. While on long-distance voyages, the Navy soldiers spend a long time in relatively closed environments under high pressure, which is likely to result in physical and mental fatigue and even CFS. This paper reviews the causes, current level of diagnosis, as well as the treatment and prevention of CFS in order to contribute to the health and operational capability of Navy soldiers.
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